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X4875

Sigma-Aldrich

Xanthine Oxidase from bovine milk

Grade IV, ammonium sulfate suspension, ≥0.1 units/mg protein

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Synonym(s):
XOD, Xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase
CAS Number:
9002-17-9
Enzyme Commission number:
1.17.3.2.
EC Number:
232-657-6
MDL number:
MFCD00082145
NACRES:
NA.54

biological source

bovine milk

Quality Level

200

type

Grade IV

form

ammonium sulfate suspension

specific activity

≥0.1 units/mg protein

storage temp.

2-8°C

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This Item
X2252X1875X4376
Sigma-Aldrich

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X4875

Xanthine Oxidase from bovine milk

Xanthine Oxidase microbial lyophilized powder, ≥7 units/mg solid

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X2252

Xanthine Oxidase microbial

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Sigma-Aldrich

X1875

Xanthine Oxidase from bovine milk

Xanthine Oxidase from bovine milk lyophilized powder, 0.4-1.0 units/mg protein

Sigma-Aldrich

X4376

Xanthine Oxidase from bovine milk

form

ammonium sulfate suspension

form

lyophilized powder

form

ammonium sulfate suspension

form

lyophilized powder

specific activity

≥0.1 units/mg protein

specific activity

≥7 units/mg solid

specific activity

≥0.4 units/mg protein

specific activity

0.4-1.0 units/mg protein

storage temp.

2-8°C

storage temp.

−20°C

storage temp.

2-8°C

storage temp.

2-8°C

Quality Level

200

Quality Level

-

Quality Level

200

Quality Level

300

type

Grade IV

type

-

type

Grade I

type

-

General description

Formerly E.C. 1.1.3.22

Biochem/physiol Actions

Although xanthine oxidase is found widely distributed in multiple tissues, it is highly expressed in endothelial and epithelial cells. Its expression was also increased in infected tissues where it was shown to have an anti-microbial effect due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species.
Xanthine oxidase is a molybdenum-containing enzyme that is found in the cytosol, and may be strongly inhibited by flavonoids. It plays a vital role in the metabolism of some drugs, as well as purines and pyrimidines. It is also known to be a biological source of reactive oxygen species.

Unit Definition

One unit will convert 1.0 μmole of xanthine to uric acid per min at pH 7.5 at 25 °C. Approx. 50% of the activity is obtained with hypoxanthine as substrate.

Physical form

Suspension in 2.3 M (NH4)2SO4 containing 1 mM sodium salicylate

Analysis Note

Protein determined by biuret

Pictograms

Health hazard
GHS08

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H334

Precautionary Statements

P261 - P284 - P501

Hazard Classifications

Resp. Sens. 1

Storage Class Code

10 - Combustible liquids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

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Role of xanthine oxidoreductase as an antimicrobial agent.
Hannah M Martin et al.
Infection and immunity, 72(9), 4933-4939 (2004-08-24)
Xiaoqiang Chen et al.
Nature protocols, 11(7), 1219-1228 (2016-06-10)
During infection, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase of innate immune cells generates important microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to kill the invading pathogens. However, excess amounts of HOCl induce oxidative damage of functional biomolecules such as
M B Betancor et al.
Fish physiology and biochemistry, 41(3), 705-720 (2015-03-10)
In vertebrates, selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for vertebrates that is involved in antioxidant protection and thyroid hormone regulation among other roles and functions through its incorporation into proteins, the selenoproteins. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid
João L Serrano et al.
Biomedicines, 9(10) (2021-10-24)
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of endogenous purines into uric acid. Therefore, this enzyme has been associated with pathological conditions caused by hyperuricemia, such as the disease commonly known as gout. Barbiturates and their congeners
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Redox biology, 46, 102092-102092 (2021-08-22)
Environmental inhalation exposures are inherently mixed (gases and particles), yet regulations are still based on single toxicant exposures. While the impacts of individual components of environmental pollution have received substantial attention, the impact of inhalation co-exposures is poorly understood. Here
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