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  • Targeted cortical reorganization using optogenetics in non-human primates.

Targeted cortical reorganization using optogenetics in non-human primates.

eLife (2018-05-29)
Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad, Daniel B Silversmith, Viktor Kharazia, Philip N Sabes
ABSTRACT

Brain stimulation modulates the excitability of neural circuits and drives neuroplasticity. While the local effects of stimulation have been an active area of investigation, the effects on large-scale networks remain largely unexplored. We studied stimulation-induced changes in network dynamics in two macaques. A large-scale optogenetic interface enabled simultaneous stimulation of excitatory neurons and electrocorticographic recording across primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortex (Yazdan-Shahmorad et al., 2016). We tracked two measures of network connectivity, the network response to focal stimulation and the baseline coherence between pairs of electrodes; these were strongly correlated before stimulation. Within minutes, stimulation in S1 or M1 significantly strengthened the gross functional connectivity between these areas. At a finer scale, stimulation led to heterogeneous connectivity changes across the network. These changes reflected the correlations introduced by stimulation-evoked activity, consistent with Hebbian plasticity models. This work extends Hebbian plasticity models to large-scale circuits, with significant implications for stimulation-based neurorehabilitation.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

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Anti-GAD67 Antibody, clone 1G10.2, clone 1G10.2, Chemicon®, from mouse
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Monoclonal Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 antibody produced in mouse, clone GAD-6, purified immunoglobulin, buffered aqueous solution
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Monoclonal Anti-Parvalbumin antibody produced in mouse, clone PARV-19, ascites fluid