LC-MS Analysis of Illegal Additives Papaverine, Morphine, Noscapine, Codeine and Thebaine in Hot Pot Base using Ascentis® Express HILIC after QuEChERS Extraction
Materials
related product
Codeine-D3 solution
1.0 mg/mL in methanol, ampule of 1 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant®Morphine solution
1.0 mg/mL in methanol, ampule of 1 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant®Morphine-D3 solution
1.0 mg/mL in methanol, ampule of 1 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant®Millex™ polyethersulfone syringe filter
pore size 0.22 μm, diam. 13 mm, non-sterile, hydrophilicPapaverine hydrochloride solution
1 mg/mL (Methanol:Water (90:10) (v/v), (as free base)), certified reference material, ampule of 1 mL, Cerilliant®Noscapine hydrochloride solution
1 mg/mL in methanol ((as free base)), certified reference material, ampule of 1 mL, Cerilliant®used together
Milli-Q® IQ 7003/05/10/15 Ultrapure and Pure Water Purification Systems
Produces ultrapure (Type 1) water and pure (Type 2) water with a production flow rate of 5 L/hr from tap water feed.CONDITIONS
instrument
Waters Xevo TQS UPS
column
Ascentis® Express HILIC, 2 μm, I.D. 10 cm × 2.1 mm I.D. (51409-U)
mobile phase
[A] Acetonitrile + 0.1% formic acid; [B] 10 mmol/L Ammonium formate solution + 0.1% formic acid
gradient
0-1 min 5% B; 1-6 min to 15% B; 6-6.5 min to 40% B, 6.5-8.1 min to 5% B, hold until 12.0 min at 5% B
flow rate
0.3 mL/min
column temp.
35 °C
detector
MSD, ESI(+); MRM- Transitions used (quantitative/qualitative): Noscapine 414.4->220.5/414.4->353.3; Papaverine 340.4->202.2/340.4->171.1; Thebaine 312.3->58.3/312.3->249.1; Codeine 300.4->215.2/300.4->165.4; Codeine-D3 303.0->215.2/303.0->165.2; Morphine 286.0->181.3/286.0->165.3; Morphine-D3 289.0->185.1/289.0->201.1
injection
5 μL
sample/matrix
Extract from QuEChERS
Description
General description
Poppy husk, also known as "Royal Rice Husk" or "rice husk", is the dry and mature husk of the Papaveraceae plant (Papaver somniferum or “opium poppy”). It contains many alkaloids, such as morphine, codeine, papaverine, noscapine, and thebaine. Due to the addictive nature of poppy husks, it has been reported that some Chinese dealers add them to hot pot bases in order to attract consumers. Hot pot soup and seasonings are popular in China, including, e.g., bone thick soup seasoning, fish soup seasoning, or chicken soup seasoning. Long-term consumption of such food containing poppy husk will have toxic effects on the human liver and kidneys, and will lead to addiction, memory loss, serious damage to the nervous system and digestive system, and even respiratory failure.[]
Analysis Note
For this study, sample extraction was performed using QuEChERS, while the analysis of five poppy shell alkaloids in hot pot base was carried out using a UHPLC-MS/MS method with an Ascentis® Express HILIC superficially porous particle (SPP) HPLC column. A quantitative analysis was performed using an external calibration method. The application was based on the Chinese regulated method BJS 201802: Determination of papaverine, morphine, noscapine, codeine, and thebaine in food by LC-MS. The data from the external calibration for the five target analytes, morphine, codeine, noscapine, papaverine, and thebaine, showed a strong linearity in the concentration range of 0.01 µg/mL to 0.15 µg/mL (R2 > 0.995). The reproducibility of a 50 µg/kg spiked sample showed a range of 1.9 to 5.8% RSD (n=7), while the recoveries of the five determined compounds ranged from 85.5 to 94.3% (n=2).
Other Notes
APP_590
Legal Information
Ascentis is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany