Histatins: salivary peptides with copper(II)- and zinc(II)-binding motifs: perspectives for biomedical applications.

Histatins: salivary peptides with copper(II)- and zinc(II)-binding motifs: perspectives for biomedical applications.

The FEBS journal (2013-11-14)

Sonia Melino, Celeste Santone, Paolo Di Nardo, Bibudhendra Sarkar

PMID24219363

ABSTRACT

Natural antimicrobial peptides represent a primordial mechanism of immunity in both vertebrate and nonvertebrate organisms. Among them, histatins belong to a family of human salivary metal-binding peptides displaying potent antibacterial, antifungal and wound-healing activities. These properties, along with the ability of histatins to inhibit collagenases and cysteine proteases, have attracted much attention for their potential use in the treatment of several oral diseases. This review critically assesses the studies carried out to date in order to provide a comprehensive and systematic vision of the information accumulated so far. In particular, the relationship between metal-binding and peptide activity is extensively analysed. The review provides important clues for developing possible therapeutic applications of histatins and their synthetic peptide analogues by creating a set of necessary resource materials to support investigators and industries interested in exploiting their unique properties.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

357456

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, powder (dendritic), <45 μm, 99.7% trace metals basis

324930

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, powder, <150 μm, 99.995% trace metals basis

520381

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, spherical shot, −20-+30 mesh, ≥99.5% trace metals basis

326445

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, bars (random sizes), ≥99.999% trace metals basis

266086

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, powder, <425 μm, 99.5% trace metals basis

215481

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, mossy, ≥99%

311405

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, ACS reagent, granular, 10-40 mesh, ≥99.90%

96454

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, purum, powder

BCR054R

Copper (O), BCR^®, certified reference material, rod

BCR017B

Copper (S, P), BCR^®, certified reference material, chips

565148

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, granular, 30-100 mesh, 99%

IRMM522C

Copper, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

356018

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

223409

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, shot, −3-+14 mesh, 99%

267929

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis

767476

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, sputtering target, diam. × thickness 2.00 in. × 0.25 in., 99.95% trace metals basis

349178

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

GF98066054

Copper, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%

774111

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, nanopowder, 40-60 nm particle size (SAXS), ≥99.5% trace metals basis

774103

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, nanopowder, 60-80 nm particle size (SAXS), ≥99.5% trace metals basis

GF66556491

Copper, mesh, 100x100mm, nominal aperture 0.14mm, thickness 0.25mm, wire diameter 0.115mm, 100x100 wires/inch, open area 30.3%, plain weave mesh

716723

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, shot, 99.9999%

66955

Supelco

Copper (impurities), manufactured by MBH Analytical Ltd (39X 17868)

349224

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 2.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

326410

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 0.64 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis

326429

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

349208

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

349151

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

215503

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, mossy, 99.99% trace metals basis

499552

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc preparation, 5 g/dL Zn²⁺ in THF, highly reactive Rieke^®metal