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# 電子顯微鏡
電子顯微鏡是一種用來獲得材料的個別原子和細胞內部結構的超高解析度影像的技術。所得的原子層級或微觀與中間結構影像可用於研究樣品的特性與行為。它可用於材料科學、生物醫學研究、品質控制和故障分析。相較於光學顯微鏡中使用光子所達到的解析度 (~200 奈米)，使用電子作為成像輻射源可獲得更高的空間解析度 (數十皮米)。除了表面形貌之外，還可透過電子顯微鏡獲得結晶結構、化學成分和電性等資訊。電子顯微鏡可分為兩大類：掃描電子顯微鏡 (SEM) 和透射電子顯微鏡 (TEM)。
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## 相關產品
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TEM-7596407
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TEM-7596410
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G4901
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透射电子显微镜用滤线栅](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/product/sigma/g4901)
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概述
相關文章與協議
支援
掃描電子顯微鏡 (SEM) 使用相對低功率的電子束進行成像並與樣品互動。電子偵測器可辨識表面的二次電子和深層區域的背散射電子。二次電子是由電子束與樣品原子之間的非彈性互動所產生。後向散射電子則是在電子束與樣品之間的彈性互動後產生的。與其他類型的電子顯微鏡相比，SEM 基本不需要製備樣品，而且速度更快、限制更少。大型 (~200 公釐) 樣品在安裝至固定器或存根後可直接成像。SEM 通常使用能量色散 X 射線光譜 (EDS 或 EDX) 來繪製樣品內元素的分佈圖。電子束誘導電流 (EBIC) 和陰極發光 (CL) 是分析樣品高品質影像和光電特性的其他方法。
透射電子顯微鏡 (TEM) 使用高能電子束傳送電子穿透樣品，以可能的最高解析度建立 2D 影像。透過 TEM 可以分析奈米材料，揭示其原子層級的結構與組成資訊。針對不同類型的奈米材料，選擇適當的樣品支架（TEM 網格）對於獲得最詳細的資訊至關重要。當樣品太厚時，必須先將它們做得夠薄，讓電子可以穿過它們，最好是 100 奈米或以下。然後，這些 TEM 樣品會被安裝在 TEM 網格上，並在超高真空條件下，以聚焦的強烈電子束進行研究。TEM 利用電子穿過樣品的選擇區衍射 (SAD) 來提供樣品材料的結晶學資訊。電子能量損失光譜 (EELS) 和能量色散 X 射線光譜 (EDX) 是測量原子成分、化學鍵結、電子特性和局部材料厚度的分析方法。
掃描穿透式電子顯微鏡 (STEM) 可將聚焦電子束 (典型光點尺寸為 0.05-0.2 nm) 在樣品上掃描，同時完成成像與光譜繪圖，可直接將空間資訊與光譜資料相互關聯。
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## 相關文章
- [Atomic Layer Deposition of Nanomaterials for Li-Ion Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Solar Cells](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/batteries-supercapacitors-and-fuel-cells/atomic-layer-deposition-of-nanomaterials-for-li-ion-batteries-fu)
Nanomaterials are considered a route to the innovations required for large-scale implementation of renewable energy technologies in society to make our life sustainable.
- [Nanomaterials for Energy Storage in Lithium-ion Battery Applications](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/batteries-supercapacitors-and-fuel-cells/nanomaterials-for0)
Nanomaterials for Energy Storage in Lithium-ion Battery Applications
- [Nano Olivine-based Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/batteries-supercapacitors-and-fuel-cells/nanostructured-olivine-based-cathode-materials)
Researchers urged to develop renewable energy sources like wind and solar to mitigate fossil fuel's environmental impact.
- [Scaling Up High-Energy Cathode Materials for Electric Vehicles](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/batteries-supercapacitors-and-fuel-cells/scaling-up-high-energy-cathode-materials)
The critical technical challenges associated with the commercialization of electric vehicle batteries include cost, performance, abuse tolerance, and lifespan.
- [Fluorescent Nanodiamond Particles: Properties and Applications](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/biosensors-and-imaging/fluorescent-nanodiamond-particles)
Fluorescent Nanodiamond Particles (FNDs)- Find properties and applications of nanodiamond particles.
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## 相關通訊協定
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Surfactant-assisted dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes for debundling or exfoliation in dispersion procedures.
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__精選文章__
[Fluorescent Nanodiamond Particles: Properties and Applications](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/biosensors-and-imaging/fluorescent-nanodiamond-particles)
Fluorescent Nanodiamond Particles (FNDs)- Find properties and applications of nanodiamond particles.
[Nanomaterials for Energy Storage in Lithium-ion Battery Applications](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/batteries-supercapacitors-and-fuel-cells/nanomaterials-for0)
Nanomaterials for Energy Storage in Lithium-ion Battery Applications
[Nano Olivine-based Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/batteries-supercapacitors-and-fuel-cells/nanostructured-olivine-based-cathode-materials)
Researchers urged to develop renewable energy sources like wind and solar to mitigate fossil fuel's environmental impact.
[Scaling Up High-Energy Cathode Materials for Electric Vehicles](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/batteries-supercapacitors-and-fuel-cells/scaling-up-high-energy-cathode-materials)
The critical technical challenges associated with the commercialization of electric vehicle batteries include cost, performance, abuse tolerance, and lifespan.
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