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Order](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/quick-order) Cart0 [Home](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en)[Gene Expression & Silencing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics/gene-expression-and-silencing)MISSION® esiRNA Specifications # MISSION® esiRNA Specifications ## Custom & Predesigned esiRNA Beginning in late October / early November 2020, esiRNA products that are delivered in tubes — Individual esiRNA, esiOPEN, and esiSEC — will begin shipping lyophilized instead of in solution (esiRNA products in plates — esiLibrary and esiFLEX — will continue to ship in solution). We are making this change to products in tubes (most esiRNA ships in tubes) for the following reasons: 1. Lyophilized materials can be shipped at ambient temperature instead of frozen on dry ice. This reduction in shipping expenses will help us to keep product prices as low as possible. 2. By removing dry ice from shipments, we will use less packaging, which in turn will help us meet our company’s commitment to reducing its environmental impact. As RNA, esiRNA is stable at room temperature for at least 3 weeks. Upon receiving your esiRNA, please place it in -20 °C storage until you are ready to use it. Appendix 2 in the product Technical Bulletin contains a resuspension protocol. There will be a transition period in which some esiRNA may still ship in solution at the same time as some ships dry. We will expedite the shift to all units in dry form as quickly as possible. [Order Now](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/molecular-biology-and-functional-genomics/oligos-and-qpcr-probes/custom-predesigned-dna-oligos-and-qpcr-probes/esirna) [esiRNA FAQs](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/genomics/functional-genomics-screening/esirna-faq) [View Technical Bulletin](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/295/481/cstesirnatechnical-bulletin-tr-v2.pdf) ## All ordering and quotation options are in the esiRNA Specifications table MISSION® esiRNA—powered by [Eupheria Biotech](https://www.eupheria.com/)—provide RNAi researchers with a proven, cost-effective, and simple way to perform post-transcriptional silencing of protein-coding genes and lncRNA (long non-coding RNA). Biologically-prepared, esiRNA are comprised of a heterogeneous pool of siRNA (natural RNA, no modifications) that all target the same mRNA sequence. These multiple silencing triggers lead to highly specific and effective gene knockdowns with lower off-target effects than single, chemically-synthesized siRNA (__Figure 1__).  __Figure 1.__Knockdown of target mRNA can be accomplished by chemically-synthesized siRNA or enzymatically-prepared siRNA (esiRNA). A) Chemically-synthesized siRNA consists of a single silencing trigger of 21 bp that is complementary to the target mRNA. The high concentration of the siRNA in the transfection reaction leads to pronounced off-target effects. B) In contrast, esiRNA consists of a pool of hundreds of siRNA (21 bp) that cover a region of 300 – 600 bp of the target mRNA. Each individual siRNA has a lower concentration in the pool, leading to lower off-target effects, while producing an efficient knockdown. ## Product Benefits - [Guaranteed](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#guaranteed) gene silencing - Lower off-target effects than single, chemically-synthesized siRNA - High on-target specificity makes for an effective primary screening tool (__Figure 2__) - Affordable genome-scale RNAi screening tool  __Figure 2.__Evaluation of gene knockdown in HeLa cells transfected with esiRNA directed against Renilla Luciferase (negative control) and different expressed targets at mRNA and protein levels. A) qPCR data validate knockdowns 24 hours post-transfection. The mRNA abundance was reduced by >90% in all transfections. B) Quantitative Western Blot data validate efficient knockdown 72 hours post-transfection. Protein levels were reduced 45 to 90%. ## Product Features The following apply to all product options presented in the esiRNA specifications table: - Purification: Q-Sepharose separation, isopropanol precipitation & ethanol washing - Sequence Form: Pool of hundreds of siRNA with an average duplex length of 21 bp - Quality Control: Conducted at two stages o    PCR product of cDNA clone is analyzed by gel electrophoresis & DNA sequencing o    Digestion reaction is analyzed by gel electrophoresis - Stability: Viable for 2 years when stored at -20 °C For anything marked as ‘Inquire’ below or If you have needs that are different from the other general specifications presented, please send a request to [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]). Browse the complete list of [predesigned esiRNA](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/search/mission-esirna?focus=products&page=1&sort=relevance&term=MISSION%20esiRNA&type=product). esiRNA Product Options & Specifications Individual esiRNA - Definition: Individual, predesigned esiRNA for single protein-coding genes & lncRNA (search lncRNA by Accession No.). All esiRNA are designed based on annotations from the ENSEMBL database. - Species: Human & Mouse - Quantities: 20 & 50 µg - Format: Lyophilized in tubes & in TE buffer in 96 / 384-well plates (inquire) at a concentration of 200 ng µL-1 esiLibrary - Definition: Predesigned esiRNA libraries for the whole genome & lncRNA transcriptome. All esiRNA are designed based on annotations from the ENSEMBL database. - Species: Human & Mouse - Quantities: 1, 2.5 & 5 µg - Format: In nuclease-free TE buffer in 96 & 384-well plates at a concentration of 50 ng µL-1 [Request Quote](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/support/mission-esirna-order) esiFLEX - Definition: Custom arrays chosen from the whole genome & lncRNA transcriptome collections. All esiRNA are designed based on annotations from the ENSEMBL database. - Species: Human & Mouse - Quantities: 1, 2.5 & 5 µg - Format: In nuclease-free TE buffer in 96 & 384-well plates at a concentration of 50 ng µL-1 - Minimum array size: 24 targets [Request Quote](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/support/mission-esirna-order) esiOPEN - Definition: Custom esiRNA for single protein-coding genes & lncRNA. Provide a 500 bp target sequence and esiRNA will be designed using DEQOR\*. - Species: Any - Quantities: 20 & 50 µg - Format: Lyophilized in tubes [Request Quote](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/support/mission-esirna-order) esiSEC - Definition: Individual, secondary & independent esiRNA for validation of primary esiRNA targeting single protein-coding genes & lncRNA. All esiRNA are designed based on annotations from the ENSEMBL database. - Species: Human & Mouse - Quantities: 20 & 50 µg - Format: Lyophilized in tubes [Request Quote](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/support/mission-esirna-order)   \*DEQOR is the design algorithm for esiRNA. Details are described in: Henschel A, Bucholz F & Habermann B (2004). DEQOR: a web-based tool for the design and quality control of siRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res, 32, W113-120. ## Control esiRNA A variety of positive and negative controls are available (__Figure 3__): - Positive controls: Human [Eg5 (KIF11)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU019931) & mouse [Eg5 (Kif11)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EMU017691) esiRNA as well as all validated esiRNA (see table below) to ensure transfection & experimental set up optimization - Negative controls: [RLUC](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHURLUC), [FLUC](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHUFLUC) & [EGFP](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHUEGFP) (EGFP can also be used as a positive control in cells expressing EGFP) esiRNA to distinguish sequence-specific silencing from non–specific effects  __Figure 3.__Phenotypic analysis of HeLa cells transfected with esiRNA against A) RLUC (negative control) and B) Eg5/KIF11 (positive control). RLUC does not induce any phenotypic changes, while Eg5/KIF11 induces mitotic arrest, shown by rounded cells. ## Validated esiRNA Many common gene targets have been validated for ≥70% mRNA knockdown ([qPCR](https://www.mpi-cbg.de/esiRNA/kdefficacy) and [Western Blot validation data](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/protein-biology/western-blotting/esirna-knockdown-efficiency)). See the table for a list of commonly-ordered, validated esiRNA by gene symbol. Validated esiRNA are suitable for transfection optimization and as positive controls. | | | | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------| | Validated Human esiRNA by Gene Symbol | | | | [ANAPC1](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU029991) | [DCTN2](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU086581) | [PLK4](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU001691) | | [ANAPC10](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU108801) | [CETN3](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU040581) | [RAD21](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU108911) | | [ANAPC5](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU069691) | [H3F3A](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU127091) | [EDC4](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/ehu094431) | | [AURKB](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU001471) | [INCENP](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU001891) | [SEC13L1](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU152131) | | [PPP2R3C](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/ehu143981) | [KIF11](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU019931) | [SEH1L](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU049161) | | [CENPA](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU098081) | [KIF23](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU066121) | [SUV39H2](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU093651) | | [CEP192](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU026711) | [LMNA](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU063791) | [TACC3](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU063201) | | [CETN2](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU137031) | [MAD2L1](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU074611) | [TUBG1](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU056411) | | [CKAP5](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/ehu078221) | [NEK2](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU109951) | [TUBGCP3](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU073291) | | [CLASP1](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU028941) | [NUMA1](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU059141) | [TPX2](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU093011) | | [CCP110](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU007261) | [NUP37](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/EHU048011) | | ## lncRNA esiRNA Transcriptome analyses reveal that up to 90% of the genome is transcribed into non-coding RNA, which among other types, includes lncRNA. The lncRNA are associated with different functions, including chromatin modification, co-activation of transcription factors, transcription, interaction with RNA-binding proteins, and repression of promoters. In addition, lncRNA have been implicated in diseases such as cancer. The details of how lncRNA work must be further elucidated. The esiRNA are an effective screening tool to study lncRNA function (__Figure 4__).  __Figure 4.__qPCR data validating knockdown of lncRNA in HeLa cells 24 hours post-transfection with corresponding esiRNA. Controls were transfected with esiRNA against RLUC and used for normalization. ## Product Manufacturing Biologically-prepared (__Figure 5__), esiRNA is manufactured by cleaving long dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) with the endoribonuclease, *E. coli* RNase III  __Figure 5.__Manufacturing overview of esiRNA for single genes. A) DEQOR is used to select the mRNA target region that will produce the largest number of highly-effective siRNA, cover all known transcript variants, and minimize off-target effects. B) The target region is extracted from the cDNA clone and amplified via PCR (both primers are used to introduce T7 promoters. C) The PCR product is transcribed in vitro utilizing RNA polymerases. D) The annealed and long, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is digested with RNase III, and purification removes the DNA template, residual NTPs, and incompletely digested dsRNA. Finally, esiRNA is ready as a pool of hundreds of siRNA with an average duplex length of 21 bp. ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)esiRNA Guarantee MISSION® esiRNA will reduce target mRNA levels by 70%, in cultured cells, when transfected at a concentration of ≥30 nM. If the esiRNA does not knock down the target gene by 70%, we will provide an additional esiRNA for that gene, free of charge. If there are no more esiRNA for that gene, we will refund the purchase price. Receipt of appropriate supporting data for transfection efficiency is required for the guarantee. Appropriate supporting data for transfection efficiency would include qPCR data comparing target mRNA levels of a validated MISSION® esiRNA, transfected at ≥30 nM, to an appropriate negative control (such as mock transfection, RLUC, FLUC, or eGFP esiRNA), demonstrating knockdown of the target mRNA of 70%. Due to the variability of antibodies and protein half-lives, we are unable to accept data from protein-based detection methods. ## Frequently Asked Questions To learn more about esiRNA, visit our [Frequently Asked Questions](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/genomics/functional-genomics-screening/esirna-faq) section. ## Video Tutorial Learn about screening in Mammalian cells with esiRNA. If additional help is needed, please consult our technical services group at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]). [Learn more](https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/4005759/A41B1646097C27EC35161DDA1249AB52) about RNA interference: from single gene studies to whole-genome screens - Dr. Julia Krüger Senior Scientist at Eupheria Biotech GmbH ## Select Citations ### Single-Gene esiRNA 1\. Vania L, Rebelo TM, Ferreira E, Weiss SFT. 2018. Knock-down of LRP/LR promotes apoptosis in early and late stage colorectal carcinoma cells via caspase activation. BMC Cancer. 18(1): [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4531-2](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4531-2) 2\. Ali MM, Akhade VS, Kosalai ST, Subhash S, Statello L, Meryet-Figuiere M, Abrahamsson J, Mondal T, Kanduri C. 2018. PAN-cancer analysis of S-phase enriched lncRNAs identifies oncogenic drivers and biomarkers. Nat Commun. 9(1): [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03265-1](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03265-1) 3\. Birth P, Schöne S, Stelzl U, Meijsing SH. Identification and characterization of BATF3 as a context-specific coactivator of the glucocorticoid receptor. PLoS ONE. 12(7):e0181219. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181219](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181219) 4\. Natale F, Rapp A, Yu W, Maiser A, Harz H, Scholl A, Grulich S, Anton T, Hörl D, Chen W, et al. 2017. Identification of the elementary structural units of the DNA damage response. Nat Commun. 8(1): [https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15760](https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15760) 5\. Kim J, Hu Z, Cai L, Li K, Choi E, Faubert B, Bezwada D, Rodriguez-Canales J, Villalobos P, Lin Y, et al. 2017. CPS1 maintains pyrimidine pools and DNA synthesis in KRAS/LKB1-mutant lung cancer cells. Nature. 546(7656):168-172. [https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22359](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22359) 6\. Terkawi MA, Takano R, Furukawa A, Murakoshi F, Kato K. 2017. Involvement of ?-defensin 130 (DEFB130) in the macrophage microbicidal mechanisms for killing Plasmodium falciparum. Sci Rep. 7(1): [https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41772](https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41772) 7\. Ganesan S, Alex AA, Chendamarai E, Balasundaram N, Palani HK, David S, Kulkarni U, Aiyaz M, Mugasimangalam R, Korula A, et al. 2016. Rationale and efficacy of proteasome inhibitor combined with arsenic trioxide in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 30(11):2169-2178. [https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2016.227](https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2016.227) 8\. Prieto J, León M, Ponsoda X, García-García F, Bort R, Serna E, Barneo-Muñoz M, Palau F, Dopazo J, López-García C, et al. 2016. Dysfunctional mitochondrial fission impairs cell reprogramming. Cell Cycle. 15(23):3240-3250. [https://doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2016.1241930](https://doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2016.1241930) 9\. Kim J, Tan Y, Wang X, Cao X, Veeraraghavan J, Liang Y, Edwards DP, Huang S, Pan X, Li K, et al. 2016. Comprehensive functional analysis of the tousled-like kinase 2 frequently amplified in aggressive luminal breast cancers. Nat Commun. 7(1): [https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12991](https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12991) 10\. Telorac J, Prykhozhij SV, Schöne S, Meierhofer D, Sauer S, Thomas-Chollier M, Meijsing SH. 2016. Identification and characterization of DNA sequences that prevent glucocorticoid receptor binding to nearby response elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 44(13):6142-6156. [https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw203](https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw203) 11\. Gjaltema RAF, van der Stoel MM, Boersema M, Bank RA. 2016. Disentangling mechanisms involved in collagen pyridinoline cross-linking: The immunophilin FKBP65 is critical for dimerization of lysyl hydroxylase 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 113(26):7142-7147. [https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600074113](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600074113) 12\. Khumalo T, Ferreira E, Jovanovic K, Veale RB, Weiss SFT. Knockdown of LRP/LR Induces Apoptosis in Breast and Oesophageal Cancer Cells. PLoS ONE. 10(10):e0139584. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139584](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139584) 13\. Chauhan L, Jenkins GD, Bhise N, Feldberg T, Mitra-Ghosh T, Fridley BL, Lamba JK. 2015. Genome-wide association analysis identified splicing single nucleotide polymorphism in CFLAR predictive of triptolide chemo-sensitivity. BMC Genomics. 16(1): [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1614-1](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1614-1) 14\. Suhail TV, Singh P, Manna TK. 2015. Suppression of centrosome protein TACC3 induces G1 arrest and cell death through activation of p38?p53?p21 stress signaling pathway. European Journal of Cell Biology. 94(2):90-100. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.12.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.12.001) 15\. Finetti F, Patrussi L, Masi G, Onnis A, Galgano D, Lucherini OM, Pazour GJ, Baldari CT. 2014. Specific recycling receptors are targeted to the immune synapse by the intraflagellar transport system. Journal of Cell Science. 127(9):1924-1937. [https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.139337](https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.139337) 16\. Chu X, Chen W, Li N, Hu X, Du C, Yu S, Zhou M, Zhang X, Jiang G, Han W, et al. 2014. Cytosolic Double-Stranded DNA Induces Nonnecroptotic Programmed Cell Death in Trophoblasts via IFI16. 210(9):1476-1486. [https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu272](https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu272) 17\. Basu N, Saha S, Khan I, Ramachandra SG, Visweswariah SS. 2014. Intestinal Cell Proliferation and Senescence Are Regulated by Receptor Guanylyl Cyclase C and p21. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289(1):581-593. [https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.511311](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.511311) 18\. Ahmed S, Maratha A, Butt AQ, Shevlin E, Miggin SM. 2013. TRIF-Mediated TLR3 and TLR4 Signaling Is Negatively Regulated by ADAM15. J.I.. 190(5):2217-2228. [https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1201630](https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1201630) 19\. Ngondo-Mbongo RP, Myslinski E, Aster JC, Carbon P. 2013. Modulation of gene expression via overlapping binding sites exerted by ZNF143, Notch1 and THAP11. 41(7):4000-4014. [https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt088](https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt088) 20\. Vella P, Scelfo A, Jammula S, Chiacchiera F, Williams K, Cuomo A, Roberto A, Christensen J, Bonaldi T, Helin K, et al. 2013. Tet Proteins Connect the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine Transferase Ogt to Chromatin in Embryonic Stem Cells. Molecular Cell. 49(4):645-656. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2012.12.019](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2012.12.019) 21\. Al-Salihi MA, Herhaus L, Macartney T, Sapkota GP. 2012. USP11 augments TGF? signalling by deubiquitylating ALK5. Open Biol.. 2(6):120063. [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.120063](https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.120063) 22\. Arnandis T, Ferrer-Vicens I, García-Trevijano ER, Miralles VJ, García C, Torres L, Viña JR, Zaragozá R. 2012. Calpains mediate epithelial-cell death during mammary gland involution: mitochondria and lysosomal destabilization. Cell Death Differ. 19(9):1536-1548. [https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2012.46](https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2012.46) 23\. Lin ZP, Lee Y, Lin F, Belcourt MF, Li P, Cory JG, Glazer PM, Sartorelli AC. 2011. Reduced Level of Ribonucleotide Reductase R2 Subunits Increases Dependence on Homologous Recombination Repair of Cisplatin-Induced DNA Damage. Mol Pharmacol. 80(6):1000-1012. [https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.111.074708](https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.111.074708) ### Whole Genome & Sub-Library Screens 1\. Toyoda Y, Cattin CJ, Stewart MP, Poser I, Theis M, Kurzchalia TV, Buchholz F, Hyman AA, Müller DJ. 2017. Genome-scale single-cell mechanical phenotyping reveals disease-related genes involved in mitotic rounding. Nat Commun. 8(1): [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01147-6](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01147-6) 2\. López-Saavedra A, Gómez-Cabello D, Domínguez-Sánchez MS, Mejías-Navarro F, Fernández-Ávila MJ, Dinant C, Martínez-Macías MI, Bartek J, Huertas P. 2016. A genome-wide screening uncovers the role of CCAR2 as an antagonist of DNA end resection. Nat Commun. 7(1): [https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12364](https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12364) 3\. Ding L, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Winzi M, Chakraborty D, Theis M, Singh S, Ciotta G, Poser I, Roguev A, Chu W, et al. 2015. Systems Analyses Reveal Shared and Diverse Attributes of Oct4 Regulation in Pluripotent Cells. Cell Systems. 1(2):141-151. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2015.08.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2015.08.002) ### lncRNA esiRNA 1\. Winzi M, Casas Vila N, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Ding L, Noack S, Theis M, Butter F, Buchholz F. The long noncoding RNA lncR492 inhibits neural differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. PLoS ONE. 13(1):e0191682. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191682](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191682) 2\. Laneve P, Po A, Favia A, Legnini I, Alfano V, Rea J, Carlo VD, Bevilacqua V, Miele E, Mastronuzzi A, et al. 2017. The long noncoding RNA linc-NeD125 controls the expression of medulloblastoma driver genes by microRNA sponge activity. Oncotarget. 8(19):31003-31015. [https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16049](https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16049) 3\. Bevilacqua V, Gioia U, Di Carlo V, Tortorelli AF, Colombo T, Bozzoni I, Laneve P, Caffarelli E. 2015. Identification of linc-NeD125, a novel long non coding RNA that hosts miR-125b-1 and negatively controls proliferation of human neuroblastoma cells. RNA Biology. 12(12):1323-1337. [https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2015.1096488](https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2015.1096488) 4\. Theis M, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Weisswange I, Chakraborty D, Buchholz F. 2015. Targeting Human Long Noncoding Transcripts by Endoribonuclease-Prepared siRNAs. J Biomol Screen. 20(8):1018-1026. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1087057115583448](https://doi.org/10.1177/1087057115583448) 5\. Chakraborty D, Kappei D, Theis M, Nitzsche A, Ding L, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Surendranath V, Berger N, Schulz H, Saar K, et al. 2012. Combined RNAi and localization for functionally dissecting long noncoding RNAs. Nat Methods. 9(4):360-362. 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