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By decreasing the size of field-effect transistors, more components can be fit into integrated circuits, allowing for more powerful and energy-efficient electronic devices with reduced weights and power consumption. * * * ## Related Products Slide 1 of 32 1 of 8 [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 254029 \ Chloroplatinic acid hydrate](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/254029) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ B1252 \ Boron trifluoride-methanol solution](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/b1252) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 328650 \ Potassium *tert*-butoxide solution](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/328650) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 440140 \ (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/440140) Quick View [![Bicyclo\[2.2.1\]hepta-2,5-diene 98%](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/304/819/dfa7c176-c370-4fb5-acf1-28d751241a50/640/dfa7c176-c370-4fb5-acf1-28d751241a50.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ B33803 \ Bicyclo\[2.2.1\]hepta-2,5-diene](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/b33803) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 442305 \ Bis(ethylenediamine)copper(II) hydroxide solution](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/442305) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 448931 \ Trichloro(1*H*,1*H*,2*H*,2*H*-perfluorooctyl)silane](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/448931) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 792071 \ Spiro-MeOTAD](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/792071) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 208248 \ Aluminum acetylacetonate](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/208248) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 213241 \ Lithium sulfide](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/213241) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 374725 \ Lithium oxide](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/374725) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 445703 \ Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/445703) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 472956 \ Tungsten hexacarbonyl](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/472956) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 440167 \ (3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/440167) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 702471 \ PTAA](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/702471) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 483095 \ Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/483095) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 223891 \ Bismuth(III) oxide](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/223891) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 282782 \ Platinum(II) acetylacetonate](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/282782) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 281778 \ (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/281778) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 377996 \ Titanium(IV) isopropoxide](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/377996) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 208248 \ Aluminum acetylacetonate](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/208248) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 213241 \ Lithium sulfide](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/213241) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 374725 \ Lithium oxide](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/374725) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 445703 \ Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/445703) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 472956 \ Tungsten hexacarbonyl](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/472956) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 440167 \ (3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/440167) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 702471 \ PTAA](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/702471) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 483095 \ Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/483095) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 223891 \ Bismuth(III) oxide](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/223891) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 282782 \ Platinum(II) acetylacetonate](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/282782) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 281778 \ (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/281778) Quick View [ \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 377996 \ Titanium(IV) isopropoxide](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/377996) Quick View * * * ## Featured Categories [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/materials-science/energy-materials/solution-and-vapor-deposition-precursors) [Solution & Vapor Deposition Precursors](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/materials-science/energy-materials/solution-and-vapor-deposition-precursors) Our high-quality solution deposition and vapor deposition precursors are optimal for... 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Since this was projected in 1965, semiconductor fabrication technology sustained this rate of advancement and revolutionized the industry. However, pace of dimension reduction is slowing, and the key challenge in fabricating electronic components in the sub-micrometer range is the design of the transistor gate, which controls the current flow in the channel. The smaller electronic components are, the more challenging they become to manufacture. Physical and quantum effects alter materials’ properties from a macroscale to a nanoscale, influencing inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties. The arrival of innovative materials, carbon nanotubes, boron nitride nanotubes, quantum dots, and graphene additives, have advanced the minimization of nanotechnology and microtechnology. These and other new materials can be shaped and manipulated with extraordinary precision at the tiniest of scales. Novel technologies enable the deposition and layering of electronic materials with precise thickness, even down to the atomic level. Thin-film semiconductor device fabrication technology uses conducting, semiconducting, and insulating materials to deliver advanced capabilities at high volumes and very low cost. Modern manufacturing methods for nanoelectronics include patterning (lithography), etching, thin film deposition, and doping techniques. Emerging research fields focus on new approaches in nanotechnology and quantum mechanical effects. Molecular electronics uses single molecules as electronic components to establish electrical contact with bulk-sized electrodes. Spintronics, or spin-transport electronics, manipulates electrons’ spin property with magnetic and electric fields, resulting in a spin-polarized current that provides higher data transfer speeds and greater storage capacity, memory density and processing power than is possible with electric charge alone. 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[Find Documents](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) ## Related Articles - [Graphene in Biotechnology](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/bioelectronics/graphene-in-biotechnology) Graphene is the building block for carbon nanomaterials with different dimensionalities. - [Single-Double Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/microelectronics-and-nanoelectronics/single-double-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes) Find unique properties & applications of single (SWNTs) , double (DWNTs) & multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). - [Graphene Oxide & Reduced Graphene Oxide Applications](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/microelectronics-and-nanoelectronics/applications-of-graphene-oxide-and-reduced-graphene-oxide) Graphene oxide, a monomolecular layer of graphite with oxygen functionalities, holds unique properties valuable for various applications in materials science. - [Materials for Advanced Thermoelectrics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/microelectronics-and-nanoelectronics/thermoelectrics) Thermoelectric materials comprise a wide range of solid compounds distinguished by their ability to convert thermal and electrical energy. - [AISF: A Solid Alternative to Sulfuryl Fluoride Gas](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/chemistry-and-synthesis/fluorination/stable-alternative-aisf) ASIF provides bench-stable alternative to sulfuryl fluoride gas for installing SO2F functional group in organic synthesis. - [See All (58)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/search/facet-search?focus=sitecontent&term=facet-search) ## Related Protocols - [Washing Microparticles](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/protocol/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/washing-microparticles) Microparticles protocol for washing particles may be done via centrifugation. 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[Single-Double Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/microelectronics-and-nanoelectronics/single-double-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes) Find unique properties & applications of single (SWNTs) , double (DWNTs) & multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). [Graphene Oxide & Reduced Graphene Oxide Applications](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/microelectronics-and-nanoelectronics/applications-of-graphene-oxide-and-reduced-graphene-oxide) Graphene oxide, a monomolecular layer of graphite with oxygen functionalities, holds unique properties valuable for various applications in materials science. [Materials for Advanced Thermoelectrics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/microelectronics-and-nanoelectronics/thermoelectrics) Thermoelectric materials comprise a wide range of solid compounds distinguished by their ability to convert thermal and electrical energy. Top __Sign In To Continue__ To continue reading please sign in or create an account. Sign In__Don't Have An Account?__Register An unknown error has occured. - English - EN - Español - ES [Learn More](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)