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Storage ### A. Cryopreserved Vials (802s-05a, 802h-05a, S802s-05a) Store the cryovials in a liquid nitrogen storage tank immediately upon arrival. \*Be sure to wear face protection mask and gloves when retrieving cryovials from the liquid nitrogen storage tank. The dramatic temperature change from the tank to the room could cause any trapped liquid nitrogen in the cryovials to burst and cause injury.  Human Preadipocytes (HPAd) ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)II. Preparation for Culturing 1. Ensure the Class II Biological Safety Cabinet, with HEPA filtered laminar airflow, is in proper working condition. 2. Sterilize the Biological Safety Cabinet with 70% alcohol. 3. Turn the Biological Safety Cabinet blower on for 10 minutes before beginning cell culture work. 4. Make sure all serological pipettes, [pipette tips](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/labware/liquid-handling-and-dispensing/pipette-tips) and reagent solutions are sterile. 5. Follow the standard sterilization technique and safety rules: a. Do not pipette by mouth. b. Always wear gloves and safety glasses when working with human cells even though all the strains have been     tested negative for HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. c. Handle all cell culture work in a sterile hood. ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)III. Culturing HPAd ### A. Preparing Cell Culture Flasks for Culturing HPAd 1. Take the Human Preadipocyte Growth Medium (811-500) from the refrigerator. Decontaminate the bottle with 70% alcohol in a sterile hood. 2. Pipette 15 mL of Human Preadipocyte Growth Medium (811-500)* to a T-75 flask (SIAL0641). \* Keep the medium to surface area ratio at 1 mL per 5 cm2. For example: \-  5 mL for a T-25 flask (SIAL0639) or a 60 mm tissue culture dish (SIAL0166). \-  15 mL for a T-75 flask (SIAL0641) or a 100 mm tissue culture dish (SIAL0167). ### B. Thawing and Plating HPAd 01. Remove the cryopreserved vial of HPAd from the liquid nitrogen storage tank using proper protection for your eyes and hands. 02. Turn the vial cap a quarter turn to release any liquid nitrogen that may be trapped in the threads, then re-tighten the cap. 03. Thaw the cells quickly by placing the lower half of the vial in a 37 °C water bath and watch the vial closely during the thawing process. 04. Remove the vial from the water bath when only a small amount of ice is left in the vial. *Do not let cells thaw completely.* 05. Decontaminate the vial exterior with 70% alcohol in a sterile Biological Safety Cabinet. 06. Remove the vial cap carefully. Do not touch the rim of the cap or the vial with your hands to avoid contamination. 07. Resuspend the cells in the vial by gently pipetting the cells 5 times with a 2 mL pipette. Be careful not to pipette too vigorously as to cause foaming. 08. Pipette the cell suspension (1 mL) from the vial into the T-75 flask (SIAL0641) containing 15 mL of Human Preadipocyte Growth Medium (811-500). 09. Cap the flask and rock gently to evenly distribute the cells. 10. Place the T-75 flask (SIAL0641) in a 37oC, 5% CO2 humidified incubator. Loosen the cap to allow gas exchange. For best results, do not disturb the culture for 24 hours after inoculation. 11. Change to fresh Human Preadipocyte Growth Medium (811-500) after 24 hours or overnight to remove all traces of DMSO. 12. Change Human Preadipocyte Growth Medium (811-500) every other day until the cells reach 60% confluency. 13. Double the Human Preadipocyte Growth Medium (811-500) volume when the culture is >60% confluent or for weekend feedings. 14. Subculture the cells when the HPAd culture reaches 85-95% confluency. ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)IV. Subculturing HPAd ### A. Preparing Subculture Reagents 1. Remove the Trypsin-EDTA solution (T3924) and Trypsin Inhibitor (T6414) from the -20 °C freezer and thaw overnight in a refrigerator. 2. Make sure all the subculture reagents are thawed. Swirl each bottle gently several times to form homogeneous solutions. 3. Store all the subculture reagents at 4 °C for future use. 4. Aliquot Trypsin/EDTA solution (T3924) and store the unused portion at -20 °C if only a portion of the Trypsin/EDTA (T3924) is needed. ### B. Preparing Culture Flask 1. Take the Human Preadipocyte Growth Medium (811-500) from the refrigerator. Decontaminate the bottle with 70% alcohol in a sterile hood. 2. Pipette 35 mL of Human Preadipocyte Growth Medium (811-500) to a T-175 flask (SIAL1080) (to be used in Section IV C Step 15.) ### C. Subculturing HPAd Trypsinize Cells at Room Temperature. Do Not Warm Any Reagents to 37 °C. 01. Remove the medium from culture flasks by aspiration. 02. Wash the monolayer of cells with HBSS (H6648) and remove the solution by aspiration. 03. Pipette 6 mL of Trypsin/EDTA Solution (T3924) into the T-75 flask (SIAL0641). Rock the flask gently to ensure the solution covers all the cells. 04. Remove 5 mL of the solution immediately. 05. Re-cap the flask tightly and monitor the trypsinization progress at room temperature under an inverted microscope. It usually takes about 1 to 3 minutes for the cells to become rounded. The cells may not become completely round during the trypsinization and some cells may maintain some processes even though they are loosened from the culture surface. 06. Release the rounded cells from the culture surface by hitting the side of the flask against your palm until most of the cells are detached. 07. Pipette 5 mL of Trypsin Inhibitor Solution (T6414) to the flask to inhibit further tryptic activity. 08. Transfer the cell suspension from the flask to a 50 mL sterile conical tube. 09. Rinse the flask with an additional 5 mL of Trypsin Inhibitor Solution (T6414) and transfer the solution into the same conical tube. 10. Examine the T-75 flask (SIAL0641) under a microscope. If there are >20% cells left in the flask, repeat Steps 2-9. 11. Centrifuge the conical tube at 220 x g for 5 minutes to pellet the cells. 12. Aspirate the supernatant from the tube without disturbing the cell pellet. 13. Flick the tip of the conical tube with your finger to loosen the cell pellet. 14. Resuspend the cells in 5 mL of Human Preadipocyte Growth Medium (811-500) by gently pipetting the cells to break up the clumps. 15. Count the cells with a hemocytometer or cell counter. Inoculate at 10,000 cells per cm2 for rapid growth, or at 6,000 cells per cm2 for regular subculturing. ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)V. Differentiating HPAd ### A. Seeding HPAd for Differentiation 1\. Adjust the volume of Human Preadipocyte Growth Medium (811-500) to bring the cell/mL to the desired cell     density according to the following chart: | | | | | | | |----------------|-------------------|----------------------|-----------------|-------------------|--------------------| | Culture Format | Surface Area/Well | Cell Density cell/mL | Volume per well | \# Cells per well | Volume per  Format | | 6 well plate | 9.40 cm2 | 110,000 | 4 mL | 440,000 | 24 mL | | 12 well plate | 3.83 cm2 | 90,000 | 2 mL | 180,000 | 24 mL | | 24 well plate | 1.88 cm2 | 90,000 | 1 mL | 90,000 | 24 mL | | 48 well plate | 0.86 cm2 | 84,000 | 500 µL | 42,000 | 24 mL | | 96 well plate | 0.32 cm2 | 110,000 | 150 µL | 16,500 | 14.4 mL | | T-25 flask | 25 cm2 | 240,000 | 5 mL | 1,200,000 | 5 mL | | T-75 flask | 75 cm2 | 240,000 | 15 mL | 3,600,000 | 15 mL | 2\. Seed the Preadipocytes at 44,000 cells/cm2 in the desired format for differentiation. 3\. Place the cells in a 37 °C, 5% CO2 humidified incubator. 4\. Start differentiation when the culture is 100% confluent and cells are packed. Usually it takes 1 to 2 days to     reach total confluency. ### B. Preparing Differentiation Medium 1. Remove Human Adipocyte Differentiation Medium (811D-250) from the refrigerator, and decontaminate the bottle with 70% alcohol in a sterile hood. 2. Aliquot the needed amount of Human Adipocyte Differentiation Medium (811D-250), loosen the cap and equilibrate in a 37 °C, 5% CO2 humidified incubator for 2 hours to allow gas exchange and for the medium to warm up to 37 °C. ### C. Differentiating HPAd to HAd #### Do Not Let Cells Dry During The Medium Changes. HPAd must be 100% confluent and the cells packed prior to starting differentiation 1. Remove growth medium from culture flask by aspiration. 2. Add the appropriate volume of Human Adipocyte Differentiation Medium (811D-250) according to the chart in Section V. A. Step 1. 3. Incubate cells in a 37 °C, 5% CO2 humidified incubator in the Human Adipocyte Differentiation Medium (811D-250). 4. Change to fresh Human Adipocyte Differentiation Medium (811D-250) every 3 days for 15 days. 5. At the end of 15 days, cells are differentiated into HAd with lipid droplets in the cells. 6. Remove Human Adipocyte Differentiation Medium (811D-500) and starve the cells in Human Adipocyte Starvation Medium (811S-250) for 1 day prior to assay. ## Materials Sorry, an unexpected error has occurred Response not successful: Received status code 500 __Related Articles__ - [Cell Viability and Proliferation XTT Assay Protocol Guide](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/protocol/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-counting-and-health-analysis/cell-proliferation-kit-xtt-assay) - [ADCC Protocol using BioIVT Cryopreserved NK Effector Cells](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/protocol/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/primary-cell-culture/adcc-protocol-using-bioivt-cryopreserved-nk-effector-cells) - [Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells (BAOEC) Culture Protocol](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/protocol/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/primary-cell-culture/bovine-aortic-endothelial-cells) - [Bovine Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (BAOSMC) Culture Protocol](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/protocol/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/primary-cell-culture/bovine-aortic-smooth-muscle-cells) - [Canine Aortic Endothelial Cells (CnAOEC) Culture Protocol](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/protocol/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/primary-cell-culture/canine-aortic-endothelial-cells) - [Ficoll® 400 for Gradient Centrifugation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/protocol/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/primary-cell-culture/ficoll-400) - [In Vitro Expansion of CD34+/CD38- Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in a Serum-free and Xeno-free Stem Cell Culture Media](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/protocol/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/primary-cell-culture/hematopoietic-stem-cell-media) - [Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Growth/Differentiation Media](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/protocol/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/primary-cell-culture/hematopoietic-stem-cell-media/mesenchymal-stem-cell-culture) - [View More](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/search/facet-search?focus=sitecontent&term=facet-search) __Related Product Categories__ - [Cell Dissociation Reagents](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/cell-culture-and-analysis/cell-culture-supplements-and-reagents/cell-dissociation-reagents) - [Classical Media & Buffers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/cell-culture-and-analysis/cell-culture-media-and-buffers/classical-media-and-buffers) - [Pipette Tips](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/labware/liquid-handling-and-dispensing/pipette-tips) Top __Sign In To Continue__ To continue reading please sign in or create an account. 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[Duolink^® PLA - Protein Interaction Technology](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/duolink-proximity-ligation-assay) - [Immunoassay Platform Solutions](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/immunoassay-platform-solutions) - [ELISA Kits](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/immunoassay-platform-solutions/elisa-kits) - [MILLIPLEX^® Kits](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/immunoassay-platform-solutions/milliplex-multiplex-assays-for-luminex-technology) - [SMC^™ Technology](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/immunoassay-platform-solutions/single-molecule-counting-technology) - [Protein Electrophoresis & Western Blotting](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting) - [Electrophoresis & Transfer Equipment](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/electrophoresis-and-transfer-equipment) - [Transfer Membranes & Kits](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/transfer-membranes-and-kits) - [Immunodetection Reagents & Substrates](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/immunodetection-reagents-and-substrates) - [Membrane Immunodetection Devices](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/membrane-immunodetection-devices) - [Protein Electrophoresis Gels & Buffers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/protein-electrophoresis-gels-and-buffers) - [Protein Electrophoresis Gel Stains](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/protein-electrophoresis-gel-stains) - [Protein Markers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/protein-markers) - 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[Recombinant/Fusion Tag Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/recombinant-fusion-tag-protein-purification) - [Subcellular Fractionation Reagents](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/subcellular-fractionation-reagents) - [Whole Cell Lysis Reagents & Enhancers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/whole-cell-lysis-reagents-and-enhancers) - [Water Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/water-purification) - [Milli-Q^® Benchtop Water Purification Systems](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-benchtop-water-purification-systems) - [Milli-Q^® High-Flow Water Purification Systems](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-high-flow-water-purification-systems) - [Milli-Q^® Clinical Water Purification Systems](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-clinical-water-purification-systems) - 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[Primary Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/primary-cell-culture) - [Stem Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/stem-cell-culture) - [Cell Culture by Technique](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique) - [3D Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/3d-cell-culture) - [Cell Culture Media Preparation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/cell-culture-media-preparation) - [Cell Growth & Maintenance](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/cell-growth-and-maintenance) - [Transfection & Gene Editing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/transfection-and-gene-editing) - [Cell Culture for Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-for-manufacturing) - [Cell Culture Troubleshooting](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-troubleshooting) - [Chemistry & Synthesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis) - [ADC & Bioconjugation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/adc-and-bioconjugation) - [Lead Discovery](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/lead-discovery) - [Peptide Synthesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/peptide-synthesis) - [Protein Degradation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/protein-degradation) - [Reaction Design & Optimization](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/reaction-design-and-optimization) - 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[Interrogation of Protein Pathways](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/interrogation-protein-pathways) - [Lysis & Protein Extraction](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/lysis-and-protein-extraction) - [Protein & Nucleic Acid Interactions](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-and-nucleic-acid-interactions) - [Protein Concentration & Buffer Exchange](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-concentration-and-buffer-exchange) - [Protein Expression](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-expression) - [Protein Labeling & Modification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-labeling-and-modification) - [Protein Pulldown](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-pulldown) - [Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-purification) - 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Services - [Contract Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing) - [ADC & Bioconjugation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/adc-bioconjugation) - [Diagnostic OEM & CMO Services](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/ivd-development-manufacturing/diagnostic-oem-cmo) - [mRNA & LNP](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/mrna-and-lnp-formulation-ctdmo-services) - [Lipids CDMO Services](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/mrna-and-lnp-formulation-ctdmo-services/lipids-cdmo-services) - [Lipid Nanoparticle CDMO Service](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/mrna-and-lnp-formulation-ctdmo-services/lipid-nanoparticle-cdmo-services) - [Small Molecule](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/small-molecule) - [Activated Polyethylene Glycol (PEGs)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/peg) - 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