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Order](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/quick-order) Cart0 [Home](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en)[Advanced Gene Editing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics/advanced-gene-editing)Sanger Whole Genome CRISPR Libraries # Sanger Whole Genome CRISPR Libraries Genome-wide loss-of-function screening is a powerful approach to discover genes and pathways that underlie biological processes. To help you unravel your genes and pathways of interest, we collaborated with The Wellcome Sanger Institute to make the first arrayed lentiviral CRISPR knockout libraries for human and mouse genomes.1 Covering over 17,000 human and over 20,000 mouse genes with two optimized gRNAs for each of them, our Sanger Whole Genome Arrayed Libraries are powerful tools that can help you make the next exciting discovery. ## Arrayed Screens are Effective and Versatile, even in Difficult-to-transfect Cell Lines While pooled CRISPR libraries can provide genome-wide knockout, an arrayed approach offers many benefits:   - Enriched phenotypic content: flexibility in functional assays and analysis possibilities beyond viability—use cell imaging, fluorescence, luminescence, and colorimetric readouts - Streamlined data analysis: easy hit identification with no requirement for deconvolution - High sensitivity: a single target in every well provides better signal-to-noise ratio - Ease of identifying candidate genes: closer genotype to phenotype correlation - Flexibility: can be applied to a wider range of cell types including primary cells and neurons Our Sanger Arrayed CRISPR Libraries are exclusive to the Sigma-Aldrich® portfolio, and are available off-the-shelf. They can be combined with other tools to get the results you need: perform initial pilot experiments and optimize your cellular system and assays with our CRISPR controls, or use the arrayed libraries as part of complementary experiments with our existing [CRISPR](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/crispr), [RNAi](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/molecular-biology-and-functional-genomics/gene-editing-and-functional-genomics/rnai-libraries) and [ORF](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/SIGMA/ORF) libraries for validation or rescue.  ## Start Your CRISPR Screen Today Why troubleshoot false positive results when you can use the gRNA-optimized, arrayed Sanger CRISPR libraries? Our exclusive Sanger CRISPR library provides extensive, high-quality gene knockout, so you can fast-track your research with the first whole genome arrayed library.  ![BFP expression in A549-Cas9-Blast stable cells infected with arrayed CRISPR lenti-gRNA viruses, seven days post infection, 20X magnification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/technical-documents/articles/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/a549-cas9-blast-stable-cells/a549-cas9-blast-stable-cells.jpg "BFP expression in A549-Cas9-Blast stable cells") Our lentiviral-based CRISPR screens offer many options in their application: - Stable or transient transfection - Enrich population of cells (vectors allow puromycin- and BFP-based selection) - BFP tag allows visualization of positive cells (__Figure 1__) - Create a stable cell line with viral particles for sustained integration - Transduce virtually any cell type (both dividing and non-dividing cell lines) - Get custom titers, suitable for any application __Figure 1__. BFP expression in A549-Cas9-Blast stable cells infected with arrayed CRISPR lenti-gRNA viruses, seven days post infection, 20X magnification. Need help with CRISPR fundamentals? Learn more about [Getting Started with CRISPR](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/protocol/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/crispr-cas9-genome-editing). ![96-well plates](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/technical-documents/articles/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/96-well-plates/96-well-plates.jpg "96-Well Plates") ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)Sanger Library Specs ### Glycerol Format - Approximately 400 96-well plates, 50 µL bacterial glycerol stock per clone - Human or mouse species ### Lentiviral Format - Approximately 100 384-well barcoded labeled Costar plates with pierceable aluminum seals - 10 uL per clone at a minimum titer of 1x106 particles/mL as determined by p24 assay - Human or mouse species ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)Sanger CRISPR Guide RNA Design and Vector Features ### gRNA Design - Maximizes gene knockout by targeting the first half of the protein coding sequence - Optimizes targeting of all transcripts - Avoids the first 90 bp of coding sequence where alternative start codons often reside - Targeted to highly conserved sequences avoiding SNPs, to ensure representation in multiple cell lines - Stringent rules reduce or eliminate the potential for off-target effects ### Vector Features - Simplify the workflow with puromycin selection - Visualize CRISPR-expressing cells and enrich the transduced population with BFP - Transposase sites provide an alternative to lentiviral delivery ![Sanger Lentiviral CRISPR vector schematic (LV04)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/technical-documents/articles/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/sanger-lentiviral-crisprvector-schematic/sanger-lentiviral-crisprvector-schematic.jpg "Sanger Lentiviral CRISPR vector schematic (LV04)") __Figure 2.__Sanger Lentiviral CRISPR vector schematic (LV04) ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)Lentiviral Production Expertise We are committed to providing unmatched manufacturing and support for genome editing technology. With state-of-the-art robotics, liquid handling, LIMS and dedicated laboratories we provide superior quality and convenient service for your CRISPR research needs. High quality manufacturing systems and personnel: - High throughput (HT) robotic handling - 1D and 2D barcoding - Highly trained experts with 10> years of lentiviral gene editing experience - High-throughput viral production ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)From single targets to whole genomes The Sanger library is the only tool that allows both whole genome CRISPR KO interrogation and sophisticated phenotypic readout in a convenient arrayed format. For smaller- scale experiments, benefit from our manufacturing quality and the design expertise of the Wellcome Sanger Institute to build a custom panel for your research. __Do you need more focused or affordable screens?__ - Choose a single [Sanger QuickPick™ clone](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/semi-configurators/crispr) for any gene - Cherry-pick a custom Sanger panel of any size - Order any gRNA design in the Sanger vector - Target any pathway or gene family with a Sanger panel - Human Druggable - Tumor Suppressors - Transcription Factors - Cancer Cell Biology - Cell Surface Proteins - Epigenetics - Cell Cycle - Kinases - GPCRs - Apoptosis - Cell Adhesion - Cytokines & Cytokine Receptors - Ubiquitin Ligases - Ubiquitin Enzymes - Membrane Trafficking - Ion Channels - DNA Repair - Proteases - Phosphatases - B Cell Activation - T Cell Activation - Helicases - JAK-STAT - Ubiquitin Proteases - Nuclear Hormone Receptors Don’t see the option you need? Specify your own gRNA for manufacturing in the Sanger backbone. From whole genome libraries to individual clones. [Connect with an Expert](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/campaigns/advanced-genomics-screening-information-request) ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com) Sanger gRNA Application Data Sanger screen gRNAs are optimized and facilitate robust gene editing. Designed to maximize knockouts, the gRNAs are highly effective as assessed by CEL-I assays for indel detection. In addition, two gRNAs are provided for each gene, allowing candidate stratification following a whole-genome screen, maximizing efficiency and reducing false positives. ![Cell growth after puromycin selection for four days](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/technical-documents/articles/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/non-infected-cells/non-infected-cells.jpg "Sanger gRNA Application Data - Non Infected Cells") __A.__ ![ Cell growth after puromycin selection for four days - Infected with Virus](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/technical-documents/articles/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/infected-with-virus/infected-with-virus.jpg " Sanger gRNA Application Data - Cells Infected with virus") ![Representative gel from CEL-I Assay](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/technical-documents/articles/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/grna-application-data/grna-application-data.jpg "Representative gel from CEL-I Assay") __B.__ ![High average CRISPR nuclease activity](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/technical-documents/articles/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/high-average-crispr-nuclease-activity/high-average-crispr-nuclease-activity.jpg " High average CRISPR nuclease activity") __C.__ __Figure 3.__ Clones from the Sanger lenti-gRNA library demonstrate definitive gene editing in a CEL-I assay for mutation detection. A549-Cas9-Blast cells were infected with Sanger screen gRNAs, selected with puromycin, then subjected to a CEL-I assay.  A) Cell growth after puromycin selection for four days; B) Representative agarose gel from CEL-I assay showing DNA cleavage in samples from cells that received Sanger guides (lanes G7-G12) vs. no cleavage in controls;  C) A plot of % DNA cleavage in the CEL-I assay (y-axis) for a representative selection of gRNA clones (each dot represents a single clone) showing high average nuclease activity and high active gRNA frequency. See how the designer of the Sanger screen is using this tool to help find new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. [Download the Testimonial](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/224/987/testimonial-ad8439en-ms.pdf) ## Materials Sorry, an unexpected error has occurred Response not successful: Received status code 500 * * * ### References 1\. Metzakopian E, Strong A, Iyer V, Hodgkins A, Tzelepis K, Antunes L, Friedrich MJ, Kang Q, Davidson T, Lamberth J, et al. 2017. Enhancing the genome editing toolbox: genome wide CRISPR arrayed libraries. Sci Rep. 7(1): [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01766-5](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01766-5) 2\. Denis Belitškin D, Pant SM, Munne P, Suleymanova I, Belitškina K, Hongisto H, Englund J, Raatikainen T, Klezovitch O, Vasioukhin V, et al. 2021. Hepsin regulates TGFβ signaling via fibronectin proteolysis. EMBO Rep. 22(11): [https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202152532](https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202152532) 3\. Turner RJ, Golz S, Wollnik C, Burkhardt N, Sternberger I, Andag U, Cornils H. 2020. A Whole Genome-Wide Arrayed CRISPR Screen in Primary Organ Fibroblasts to Identify Regulators of Kidney Fibrosis. SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery. 25(6):591-604. [https://doi.org/10.1177/2472555220915851](https://doi.org/10.1177/2472555220915851) [Request a Quote](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/crispr-request-form) ## FREE ON-DEMAND WEBINAR: [Let's Talk Lentivirus](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/collections/webinars/w116359963) __Related Articles__ - [Reverse Transfection of Plasmid DNA](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/transfection-and-gene-editing/xtg-reverse-transfect-pdna) - [Cas9-Mediated Recombineering Enhances Metabolic Production of Kdo2-Lipid A by E. coli](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/crispr-cas-systems) - [CRISPR Essentials: MISSION® CRISPR gRNAs, Cas9 and Related Products](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/crispr-clone-control-and-cas9-essentials) - [Validating CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Editing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/validating-crispr-cas9-mediated-gene-editing) - [Methods for Enhancing Lentiviral Transduction Efficiency](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/enhancing-lentiviral) - [Long Oligos](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/custom-dna-long-oligos) - [Safe Lentivirus Handling](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/safe-handling-of-lentivirus) - [MISSION® Lentiviral Controls](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/genomics/advanced-gene-editing/shrna-controls) - [View More](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/search/facet-search?focus=sitecontent&term=facet-search) __Related Product Categories__ - [Genetic Screening](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/molecular-biology-and-functional-genomics/gene-editing-and-functional-genomics/genetic-screening) - [CRISPR & Gene Editing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/molecular-biology-and-functional-genomics/gene-editing-and-functional-genomics/crispr-gene-editing) - [RNAi Libraries](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/molecular-biology-and-functional-genomics/gene-editing-and-functional-genomics/rnai-libraries) - [RNAi Single Clones](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/molecular-biology-and-functional-genomics/gene-editing-and-functional-genomics/rnai-single-clones) Top __Sign In To Continue__ To continue reading please sign in or create an account. 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[Upstream Process Chemicals](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/bioprocessing-formulation-raw-materials/upstream-process-chemicals) - [Bioprocessing Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/bioprocessing-cell-culture) - [Bioprocessing Cell Culture Media](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/bioprocessing-cell-culture/bioprocessing-cell-culture-media) - [Bioprocessing Cell Lines](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/bioprocessing-cell-culture/bioprocessing-cell-lines) - [Bioprocessing Liquid Cell Culture Media & Buffers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/bioprocessing-formulation-raw-materials/liquid-cell-culture-media-buffers) - [Bioprocessing Recombinant Supplements](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/bioprocessing-cell-culture/recombinant-supplements) - 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[Enhanced Validation Antibodies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/antibodies/enhanced-validation-ab) - [Flow Cytometry Antibodies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/antibodies/flow-cytometry-antibodies) - [Prestige Antibodies<sup>®</sup>](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/antibodies/prestige-antibodies) - [Primary Antibodies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/antibodies/primary-antibodies) - [Secondary Antibodies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/antibodies/secondary-antibodies) - [Small Pack Antibodies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/antibodies/small-pack-antibodies) - [ZooMAb<sup>®</sup> Recombinant Antibodies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/antibodies/zoomab-antibodies) - [Bioactive Small Molecules](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/bioactive-small-molecules) - [Structural Genomics Consortium](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/bioactive-small-molecules/structural-genomics-consortium) - [Duolink<sup>®</sup> PLA - Protein Interaction Technology](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/duolink-proximity-ligation-assay) - [Immunoassay Platform Solutions](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/immunoassay-platform-solutions) - [ELISA Kits](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/immunoassay-platform-solutions/elisa-kits) - [MILLIPLEX<sup>®</sup> Kits](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/immunoassay-platform-solutions/milliplex-multiplex-assays-for-luminex-technology) - [SMC<sup>™</sup> Technology](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/immunoassay-platform-solutions/single-molecule-counting-technology) - [Protein Electrophoresis & Western Blotting](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting) - [Electrophoresis & Transfer Equipment](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/electrophoresis-and-transfer-equipment) - [Transfer Membranes & Kits](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/transfer-membranes-and-kits) - [Immunodetection Reagents & Substrates](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/immunodetection-reagents-and-substrates) - [Membrane Immunodetection Devices](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/membrane-immunodetection-devices) - [Protein Electrophoresis Gels & Buffers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/protein-electrophoresis-gels-and-buffers) - [Protein Electrophoresis Gel Stains](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/protein-electrophoresis-gel-stains) - [Protein Markers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-electrophoresis-and-western-blotting/protein-markers) - 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[Proteases](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/proteins-and-enzymes/proteases) - [Tissue Dissociation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/proteins-and-enzymes/tissue-dissociation) - [Protein Mass Spectrometry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-mass-spectrometry) - [Protein Purification Chromatography](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-purification-chromatography) - [Antibody Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/antibody-protein-purification) - [Biotinylated Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/biotinylated-protein-purification) - [FLAG<sup>®</sup> Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/flag-purification) - [Recombinant/Fusion Tag Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/recombinant-fusion-tag-protein-purification) - [Protein Sample Prep](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep) - [Amicon<sup>®</sup> Centrifugals](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/amicon-centrifugals) - [Antibody Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/antibody-protein-purification) - [Biotinylated Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/biotinylated-protein-purification) - [FLAG<sup>®</sup> Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/flag-purification) - [Inhibitor Cocktails](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/inhibitor-cocktails) - [Laboratory Concentration Devices](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/laboratory-concentration-devices) - [Laboratory Dialysis & Diafiltration Devices](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/laboratory-dialysis-and-diafiltration-devices) - [Recombinant/Fusion Tag Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/recombinant-fusion-tag-protein-purification) - [Subcellular Fractionation Reagents](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/subcellular-fractionation-reagents) - [Whole Cell Lysis Reagents & Enhancers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/whole-cell-lysis-reagents-and-enhancers) - [Water Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/water-purification) - [Milli-Q<sup>®</sup> Benchtop Water Purification Systems](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-benchtop-water-purification-systems) - [Milli-Q<sup>®</sup> High-Flow Water Purification Systems](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-high-flow-water-purification-systems) - [Milli-Q<sup>®</sup> Clinical Water Purification Systems](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-clinical-water-purification-systems) - [Milli-Q<sup>®</sup> Consumables](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-consumables) - [Milli-Q<sup>®</sup> Accessories](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-accessories) - Applications - [Analytical Chemistry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry) - [Atomic Spectroscopy](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/atomic-spectroscopy) - [Calibration, Qualification, Validation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/calibration-qualification-and-validation) - [Gas Chromatography (GC)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/gas-chromatography) - [Liquid Chromatography](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/liquid-chromatography) - [Large Molecule HPLC](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/liquid-chromatography/large-molecule-hplc) - [Low Pressure Liquid Chromatography](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/liquid-chromatography/low-pressure-liquid-chromatography) - [Small Molecule HPLC](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/liquid-chromatography/small-molecule-hplc) - [Mass Spectrometry (MS)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/mass-spectrometry) - [Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/nuclear-magnetic-resonance) - [Photometry & Reflectometry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/photometry-and-reflectometry) - [Sample Preparation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation) - [Sample Filtration](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation/filtration) - [Sample Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation/purification) - [QuEChERS Sample Preparation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation/quechers) - [Solid Phase Extraction](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation/solid-phase-extraction) - [Solid Phase Microextraction](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation/solid-phase-microextraction) - [Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/thin-layer-chromatography) - [Titration & Karl Fischer](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/titration-and-karl-fischer) - [Water for Analytical Chemistry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/water-purification/water-analytical-chemistry) - [Wet Chemical Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/wet-chemical-analysis) - [Cell Culture & Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis) - [Cell Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-analysis) - [Cell-based Assays](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-analysis/cell-based-assays) - [Cell Counting & Health analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-analysis/cell-counting-and-health-analysis) - [Imaging Analysis & Live Cell Imaging](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-analysis/imaging-analysis-and-live-cell-imaging) - [Cell Culture by Cell Type](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type) - [Mammalian Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/mammalian-cell-culture) - [Microbial Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/microbial-cell-culture) - [Plant Tissue Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/plant-tissue-culture) - [Primary Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/primary-cell-culture) - [Stem Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/stem-cell-culture) - [Cell Culture by Technique](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique) - [3D Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/3d-cell-culture) - [Cell Culture Media Preparation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/cell-culture-media-preparation) - [Cell Growth & Maintenance](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/cell-growth-and-maintenance) - [Transfection & Gene Editing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/transfection-and-gene-editing) - [Cell Culture for Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-for-manufacturing) - [Cell Culture Troubleshooting](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-troubleshooting) - [Chemistry & Synthesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis) - [ADC & Bioconjugation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/adc-and-bioconjugation) - [Lead Discovery](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/lead-discovery) - [Peptide Synthesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/peptide-synthesis) - [Protein Degradation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/protein-degradation) - [Reaction Design & Optimization](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/reaction-design-and-optimization) - 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[Water for Clinical Diagnostics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/water-purification/water-clinical-diagnostics) - [Environmental & Cannabis Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene) - [Air Sampling & Monitoring](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/air-testing) - [Cannabis Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/cannabis-testing) - [Cannabinoids & Potency](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/cannabis-testing/cannabinoid-profiling-potency-testing) - [Pesticides & Mycotoxins](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/cannabis-testing/pesticides-mycotoxins-in-cannabis) - [Terpenes](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/cannabis-testing/terpenes-cannabis) - [Drinking Water Testing​](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/drinking-water-testing) - [Soil, Solid Waste, & Groundwater Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/soil-solid-waste-groundwater-testing) - [Waste Water & Process Water Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/waste-water-and-process-water-testing) - [Food & Beverage Testing & Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing) - [Chemical Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing/chemical-analysis-for-food-and-beverage) - [Flavor & Fragrance Formulation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing/flavor-and-fragrance-formulation) - [Microbiological Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing/microbiological-analysis-for-food-and-beverage) - [Regulatory Compliance​](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing/regulatory-compliance-for-food-and-beverage) - [Genomics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics) - [Advanced Gene Editing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics/advanced-gene-editing) - [Cloning & Expression](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics/cloning-and-expression) - [DNA & RNA Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics/dna-and-rna-purification) - [Epigenetics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics/epigenetics) - [Functional Genomics Screening](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics/functional-genomics-screening) - [Gene Expression & Silencing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics/gene-expression-and-silencing) - [Next Gen Sequencing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics/next-gen-sequencing) - [Nucleic Acid Gel Electrophoresis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/genomics/nucleic-acid-gel-electrophoresis) - 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[Chemical Vapor Deposition](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/chemical-vapor-deposition) - [Contact Lens & Dental Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/contact-lens-and-dental-manufacturing) - [Drug Delivery](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/drug-delivery) - [Electron Microscopy](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/electron-microscopy) - [Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/microelectronics-and-nanoelectronics) - [Nanoparticle & Microparticle Synthesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/nanoparticle-and-microparticle-synthesis) - [Organic Electronics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/organic-electronics) - [Photovoltaics & Solar Cells](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/photovoltaics-and-solar-cells) - 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[Biotech Resource Hub](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/biotech-resource-hub) - [Discovery](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/biotech-resource-hub/discovery) - [Pre-clinical](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/biotech-resource-hub/pre-clinical) - [Phase I-II](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/biotech-resource-hub/phase-i-ii) - [Phase III and Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/biotech-resource-hub/phase-iii-and-manufacturing) - [Regulatory](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/biotech-resource-hub/regulatory) - [Startup Programs](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/biotech-resource-hub/startup-programs) - [Blood Plasma Fractionation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/plasma-manufacturing) - [Cell Therapy Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/cell-therapy-manufacturing) - [Classical Pharma Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/classical-pharma-manufacturing) - [Final Fill Strategies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/classical-pharma-manufacturing/final-fill-strategies) - [Liquid Formulation Strategies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/classical-pharma-manufacturing/liquid-formulation-strategies) - [Solid Formulation Strategies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/classical-pharma-manufacturing/solid-formulation-strategies) - [Sterile Filtration Strategies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/classical-pharma-manufacturing/sterile-filtration-strategies) - [Gene Therapy Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/gene-therapy-manufacturing) - [Viral Vector Upstream Processing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/gene-therapy-manufacturing/viral-vector-upstream-processing) - [Viral Vector Downstream Processing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/gene-therapy-manufacturing/viral-vector-downstream-processing) - [Viral Vector Formulation & Final Fill](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/gene-therapy-manufacturing/viral-vector-formulation-and-final-fill) - [Viral Vector Characterization & Biosafety Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/gene-therapy-manufacturing/viral-vector-characterization-and-biosafety-testing) - 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[Sterile & Aseptic Sampling](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/sampling) - [Vaccine Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing) - [Cell-Based Vaccine Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/cell-based-vaccine-manufacturing) - [mRNA Vaccine Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/mrna-vaccines-process-manufacturing) - [pDNA Vaccine Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/plasmid-dna-vaccines-manufacturing) - [Protein Subunit Vaccine Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/protein-subunit-vaccine-manufacturing) - [Viral-like Particles Vaccine Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/viral-like-particles-vaccine-manufacturing) - [Viral Vector Vaccine Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/viral-vector-vaccine-manufacturing) - [Protein Biology](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology) - [ELISA](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/elisa) - [Enzyme Activity Assays](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/enzyme-activity-assays) - [Flow Cytometry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/flow-cytometry) - [Gel Electrophoresis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/gel-electrophoresis) - [Immunohistochemistry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/immunohistochemistry) - [Interrogation of Protein Pathways](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/interrogation-protein-pathways) - [Lysis & Protein Extraction](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/lysis-and-protein-extraction) - [Protein & Nucleic Acid Interactions](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-and-nucleic-acid-interactions) - [Protein Concentration & Buffer Exchange](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-concentration-and-buffer-exchange) - [Protein Expression](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-expression) - [Protein Labeling & Modification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-labeling-and-modification) - [Protein Pulldown](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-pulldown) - [Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-purification) - [Protein Quantitation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-quantitation) - [Protein Structural Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-structural-analysis) - [Western Blotting](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/western-blotting) - [Protein Mass Spectrometry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-mass-spectrometry) - [Research & Disease Areas](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/research-disease-areas) - [Cancer Research](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/research-disease-areas/cancer-research) - [Cell & Developmental Biology Research](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/research-disease-areas/cell-and-developmental-biology-research) - [Cell Signaling](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/research-disease-areas/cell-signaling) - [Glycobiology](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/research-disease-areas/glycobiology) - [Metabolomics Research](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/research-disease-areas/metabolomics-research) - [Neuroscience Research](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/research-disease-areas/neuroscience-research) - [Pharmacology & Drug Discovery Research](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/research-disease-areas/pharmacology-and-drug-discovery-research) - [Water Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/water-purification) - [Water for Analytical Chemistry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/water-purification/water-analytical-chemistry) - [Water for Cell & Molecular Biology](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/water-purification/water-cell-molecular-biology) - [Water for Clinical Diagnostics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/water-purification/water-clinical-diagnostics) - [Understanding Lab Water](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/water-purification/understanding-lab-water) - Services - [Contract Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing) - [ADC & Bioconjugation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/adc-bioconjugation) - [Diagnostic OEM & CMO Services](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/ivd-development-manufacturing/diagnostic-oem-cmo) - [mRNA & LNP](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/mrna-and-lnp-formulation-ctdmo-services) - [Lipids CDMO Services](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/mrna-and-lnp-formulation-ctdmo-services/lipids-cdmo-services) - [Lipid Nanoparticle CDMO Service](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/mrna-and-lnp-formulation-ctdmo-services/lipid-nanoparticle-cdmo-services) - [Small Molecule](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/small-molecule) - [Activated Polyethylene Glycol (PEGs)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/peg) - 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