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Order](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/quick-order) Cart0 [Home](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en)[Bioburden Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/bioburden-testing)Fluorescence-based Rapid Microbial Detection # Fluorescence-based Rapid Microbial Detection Fluorescent-based detection methods allow for faster microbial quality control throughout the manufacturing process. The ability to obtain microbial tests earlier enables one to keep pace with increasing demand and allows corrective actions in case of product contamination. The Milliflex® Quantum system is an easy-to-use, non-destructive, fluorescent staining-based system ensuring consistent and accurate microbiological results while reducing overall time to result. ## Fluorescent Staining For Rapid Microbial Detection The Milliflex® Quantum system is based on membrane filtration and fluorescent staining for rapid detection of microorganisms. After filtration and incubation, the reagent is applied to the membrane to stain any viable and culturable microorganisms with a fluorescent marker. The reaction requires active microbial metabolism for enzymatic cleavage of a non-fluorescent substrate. Once cleaved inside the cell, the substrate liberates free fluorochrome into the microorganism cytoplasm (__Figure 1__). As fluorochrome accumulates inside the cells, the signal is naturally amplified. The cells are then exposed to the excitation wavelength of the fluorescent dye so that they can be visually counted.  __Figure 1.__Principle of Fluorescent Staining. - [Milliflex® Quantum Rapid Detection System](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#rapid) - [Milliflex® Quantum System Applications](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#system) - [Milliflex® Quantum Testing Workflow](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#testing) - [Milliflex® Quantum Spot Counter Software](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#spot) - [Validated by Industry Peers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#validated) - [Milliflex® Quantum Services](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#services) [Request Information](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/campaigns/rapid-microbial-testing-methods-info) ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)Milliflex® Quantum Rapid Detection System The Milliflex® Quantum system is designed for the rapid detection and enumeration of microorganisms over a broad range of filterable samples. The system detects microbial colonies even before they are visible to the naked eye. Milliflex® Quantum system combines widely used membrane filtration with proven enzymatic fluorescent staining of viable microorganisms for early detection. This significantly reduces the time to result compared to the traditional methods. The fluorescence-based quantitative detection method is fast, reliable, and robust, over the whole range of assays following the US and Ph. Eur. guidelines. Milliflex® Quantum uses a non-destructive procedure, making it possible to identify any viable microorganisms subsequently using your current identification methodology.  - Detection times for most microorganisms are between 8 – 48 hours - Compatible with any ID technology - Easy to use with a simple workflow, requiring minimal training - Results comparable to a compendial method, facilitating Milliflex® Quantum validation - Compact hardware with a small footprint - Economical and robust system ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)Milliflex® Quantum System Applications Milliflex® Quantum system uses industry-standard membrane filtration techniques to detect viable and culturable microorganisms down to 1 CFU per sample. This easy-to-use and simple system is compatible with a wide range of filterable samples: - Raw materials such as media, buffers, pharmaceutical ingredients, and water - In-process samples (bioburden before sterilization) including CIP/SIP samples, media for fermentation, buffers for manufacturing, and intermediate process samples - Final product - Environmental samples ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)Milliflex® Quantum Testing Workflow The Milliflex® Quantum system employs 3 easy steps for rapid bioburden testing using two proven technologies: membrane filtration and fluorescent staining. The system consists of a reader, camera, and fluorescent reagents used in combination with our Milliflex Oasis® system. ### 1. Sample Preparation The Milliflex® Quantum method utilizes a device for sample preparation, which ensures consistent and reliable results. Filter the desired sample volume through the ready-to-use Milliflex Oasis® filtration device. Place the membrane filter base onto a prefilled agar cassette and incubate. ### 2. Fluorescent Staining Transfer the membrane filter to a pad soaked with the fluorescent reagent and incubate for 30 minutes. ### 3. Counting CFUs Count fluorescent colonies through the window of the Milliflex® Quantum reader or use the camera to view the colonies on your computer screen.  Visualize plate after staining. View of the membrane in the reader.  CFUs are not visible outside of the reader.  After reincubation, CFUs are visible to the eye. For reference, the tested sample of in-process, non-sterile water using the Milliflex® Quantum system is shown here. After detection, the membrane was reincubated for full growth and Identification. ### 4. Reincubation Reincubate for identification of the microorganisms. Place the membrane filter on a prefilled agar media cassette for reincubation. Collect and isolate the microorganisms and identify them using any existing ID methodology. ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)Milliflex® Quantum Spot Counter Software The Milliflex® Quantum camera combined with the Milliflex® Quantum Spot Counter software makes the sample reading more convenient and allows you to track records for optimized microbiology QC labs. [Download the software here](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/campaign/milliflex-quantum/InstallMilliflexQuantum1-3-1.zip). ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)[](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)Validated by Industry Peers  Dr. Marcel Goverde Managing Director, MGP Consulting, Switzerland *“Milliflex® Quantum was successfully validated as a rapid alternative method to the traditional bioburden testing”*  Dr. Tim Sandle Ph.D., Head of Microbiology, Risk Management, and Sterility Assurance at Bio Products Laboratory Limited. [Read the study by Tim Sandle](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/campaigns/validation-article-request) [Watch the on-demand webinar](https://learnatm.emdgroup.com/learn/course/external/view/elearning/883/on-demand-webinar-reduce-time-to-result-with-milliflexr-quantum-rapid-detection-system) ## [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)Milliflex® Quantum Services The Milliflex® Quantum platform is simple and economical, enabling the user to focus resources on the validation method. We also offer a comprehensive range of services to support the implementation, including IQ, OQ, and PQ guidelines. Our highly experienced team of experts is available to assist you. They can help you ensure that all test criteria lead to a completely qualified and accurate test method, including hardware, expendables, and product testing method (S.O.P.). Our validation services include: - Validation strategy & PQ consultancy - On-site data analysis support and report generation - On-site support for the implementation of qualification tests - Operator technical training - Development of testing methods [Discover method development & validation services](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/services/product-services/validation-services/pharma-microbiology-method-development-validation) ## Related Products ## Milliflex® Quantum System Sorry, an unexpected error has occurred Response not successful: Received status code 500 ## Milliflex Oasis® Filtration Pump Sorry, an unexpected error has occurred Response not successful: Received status code 500 ## Milliflex® Quantum Hardware and Accessories Sorry, an unexpected error has occurred Response not successful: Received status code 500 ## Milliflex® Quantum Consumable Kits Sorry, an unexpected error has occurred Response not successful: Received status code 500 ## Milliflex® Quantum Services Sorry, an unexpected error has occurred Response not successful: Received status code 500 __Related Articles__ - [Milliflex Oasis® Filtration System](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/technical-documents/technical-article/microbiological-testing/bioburden-testing/milliflex-oasis-filtration) __Related Product Categories__ - [Microbial Filtration](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/products/industrial-microbiology/microbial-filtration) Top __Sign In To Continue__ To continue reading please sign in or create an account. 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[Recombinant/Fusion Tag Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/recombinant-fusion-tag-protein-purification) - [Subcellular Fractionation Reagents](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/subcellular-fractionation-reagents) - [Whole Cell Lysis Reagents & Enhancers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/products/protein-biology/protein-sample-prep/whole-cell-lysis-reagents-and-enhancers) - [Water Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/products/water-purification) - [Milli-Q^® Benchtop Water Purification Systems](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-benchtop-water-purification-systems) - [Milli-Q^® High-Flow Water Purification Systems](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-high-flow-water-purification-systems) - [Milli-Q^® Clinical Water Purification Systems](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-clinical-water-purification-systems) - [Milli-Q^® Consumables](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-consumables) - [Milli-Q^® Accessories](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/products/water-purification/milli-q-accessories) - Applications - [Analytical Chemistry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry) - [Atomic Spectroscopy](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/atomic-spectroscopy) - [Calibration, Qualification, Validation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/calibration-qualification-and-validation) - [Gas Chromatography (GC)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/gas-chromatography) - [Liquid Chromatography](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/liquid-chromatography) - [Large Molecule HPLC](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/liquid-chromatography/large-molecule-hplc) - [Low Pressure Liquid Chromatography](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/liquid-chromatography/low-pressure-liquid-chromatography) - [Small Molecule HPLC](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/liquid-chromatography/small-molecule-hplc) - [Mass Spectrometry (MS)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/mass-spectrometry) - [Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/nuclear-magnetic-resonance) - [Photometry & Reflectometry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/photometry-and-reflectometry) - [Sample Preparation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation) - [Sample Filtration](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation/filtration) - [Sample Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation/purification) - [QuEChERS Sample Preparation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation/quechers) - [Solid Phase Extraction](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation/solid-phase-extraction) - [Solid Phase Microextraction](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/sample-preparation/solid-phase-microextraction) - [Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/thin-layer-chromatography) - [Titration & Karl Fischer](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/titration-and-karl-fischer) - [Water for Analytical Chemistry](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/water-purification/water-analytical-chemistry) - [Wet Chemical Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/analytical-chemistry/wet-chemical-analysis) - [Cell Culture & Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis) - [Cell Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-analysis) - [Cell-based Assays](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-analysis/cell-based-assays) - [Cell Counting & Health analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-analysis/cell-counting-and-health-analysis) - [Imaging Analysis & Live Cell Imaging](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-analysis/imaging-analysis-and-live-cell-imaging) - [Cell Culture by Cell Type](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type) - [Mammalian Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/mammalian-cell-culture) - [Microbial Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/microbial-cell-culture) - [Plant Tissue Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/plant-tissue-culture) - [Primary Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/primary-cell-culture) - [Stem Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-cell-type/stem-cell-culture) - [Cell Culture by Technique](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique) - [3D Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/3d-cell-culture) - [Cell Culture Media Preparation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/cell-culture-media-preparation) - [Cell Growth & Maintenance](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/cell-growth-and-maintenance) - [Transfection & Gene Editing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-by-technique/transfection-and-gene-editing) - [Cell Culture for Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-for-manufacturing) - [Cell Culture Troubleshooting](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-troubleshooting) - [Chemistry & Synthesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis) - [ADC & Bioconjugation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/adc-and-bioconjugation) - [Lead Discovery](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/lead-discovery) - [Peptide Synthesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/peptide-synthesis) - [Protein Degradation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/protein-degradation) - [Reaction Design & Optimization](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/reaction-design-and-optimization) - [Synthetic Methods](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/synthetic-methods) - [C-H Functionalization](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/synthetic-methods/ch-functionalization) - [Cross Coupling](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/synthetic-methods/cross-coupling) - [Fluorination](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/synthetic-methods/fluorination) - [Metathesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/synthetic-methods/metathesis) - [Organic Reaction Toolbox](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/synthetic-methods/organic-reaction-toolbox) - [Photocatalysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/chemistry-and-synthesis/synthetic-methods/photocatalysis) - [Clinical & Diagnostics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/clinical-testing-and-diagnostics-manufacturing) - 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[Water for Clinical Diagnostics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/water-purification/water-clinical-diagnostics) - [Environmental & Cannabis Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene) - [Air Sampling & Monitoring](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/air-testing) - [Cannabis Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/cannabis-testing) - [Cannabinoids & Potency](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/cannabis-testing/cannabinoid-profiling-potency-testing) - [Pesticides & Mycotoxins](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/cannabis-testing/pesticides-mycotoxins-in-cannabis) - [Terpenes](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/cannabis-testing/terpenes-cannabis) - [Drinking Water Testing​](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/drinking-water-testing) - [Soil, Solid Waste, & Groundwater Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/soil-solid-waste-groundwater-testing) - [Waste Water & Process Water Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/waste-water-and-process-water-testing) - [Food & Beverage Testing & Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing) - [Chemical Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing/chemical-analysis-for-food-and-beverage) - [Flavor & Fragrance Formulation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing/flavor-and-fragrance-formulation) - [Microbiological Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing/microbiological-analysis-for-food-and-beverage) - [Regulatory Compliance​](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing/regulatory-compliance-for-food-and-beverage) - [Genomics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics) - [Advanced Gene Editing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/advanced-gene-editing) - [Cloning & Expression](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/cloning-and-expression) - [DNA & RNA Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/dna-and-rna-purification) - [Epigenetics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/epigenetics) - [Functional Genomics Screening](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/functional-genomics-screening) - [Gene Expression & Silencing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/gene-expression-and-silencing) - [Next Gen Sequencing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/next-gen-sequencing) - [Nucleic Acid Gel Electrophoresis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/nucleic-acid-gel-electrophoresis) - [Nucleic Acid Labeling & Detection](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/nucleic-acid-labeling-and-detection) - [PCR](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/pcr) - [qPCR](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/qpcr) - [Sequencing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/genomics/sequencing) - [Materials Science & Engineering](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering) - [3D Bioprinting](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/3d-bioprinting) - [3D Printing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/3d-printing) - [Batteries, Supercapacitors, Fuel Cells](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/batteries-supercapacitors-and-fuel-cells) - [Bioelectronics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/bioelectronics) - [Biosensors & Bioimaging](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/biosensors-and-bioimaging) - [Chemical Vapor Deposition](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/chemical-vapor-deposition) - [Contact Lens & Dental Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/contact-lens-and-dental-manufacturing) - [Drug Delivery](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/drug-delivery) - [Electron Microscopy](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/electron-microscopy) - [Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/microelectronics-and-nanoelectronics) - [Nanoparticle & Microparticle Synthesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/nanoparticle-and-microparticle-synthesis) - [Organic Electronics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/organic-electronics) - [Photovoltaics & Solar Cells](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/photovoltaics-and-solar-cells) - [Polymer Synthesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/polymer-synthesis) - [Solid State Synthesis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/solid-state-synthesis) - [Tissue Engineering](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/tissue-engineering) - [Microbiological Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing) - [Bioburden Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/bioburden-testing) - [Culture Media Preparation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/microbial-culture-media-preparation) - [Media Fill (APS)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/media-fills) - [Microbial Water Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/microbial-water-testing) - [Mycoplasma Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/mycoplasma-testing) - [Pathogen & Spoilage Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/pathogen-and-spoilage-testing) - [Pyrogen Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/pyrogen-testing) - [Sterility Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/sterility-testing) - [Surface & Personnel Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/surface-and-personnel-testing) - [Viable Air Monitoring](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/microbiological-testing/viable-air-monitoring) - [mAbs Development & Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies) - [Antibody Drug Discovery](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/antibody-drug-discovery) - [Lead Selection & Optimization](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/antibody-drug-discovery/lead-discovery) - [Preclinical Development](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/antibody-drug-discovery/preclinical-development) - [Target Discovery](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/antibody-drug-discovery/target-discovery) - [Characterization & Quality Control](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/characterization-and-quality-control) - [Aggregate Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/characterization-and-quality-control/aggregate-analysis) - [Intact Mass Analysis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/characterization-and-quality-control/intact-mass-analysis) - [Peptide Mapping](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/characterization-and-quality-control/peptide-mapping) - [Post-Translational Modification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/characterization-and-quality-control/post-translational-modification-analysis) - [Titer Determination](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/characterization-and-quality-control/titer-determination) - [Process Development, Manufacturing, Formulation & Final Fill](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/process-development-manufacturing) - [Downstream Processing (DSP)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/process-development-manufacturing/downstream-processing-mabs) - [Formulation & Final Fill](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/process-development-manufacturing/formulation-final-fill-mabs) - [Upstream Processing (USP)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/monoclonal-antibodies/process-development-manufacturing/upstream-processing-mabs) - [mRNA Development & Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/mrna-development-manufacturing) - [mRNA Analytical & Quality Control](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/mrna-development-manufacturing/mrna-analytical-quality-control) - [mRNA Development](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/mrna-development-manufacturing/mrna-development) - [mRNA Manufacturing & Formulation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/mrna-development-manufacturing/mrna-manufacturing-formulation) - [mRNA Research](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/integrated-offerings/mrna-development-manufacturing/mrna-research) - [Pharma & Biopharma Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing) - [Antibody Drug Conjugate Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/adc-manufacturing) - [Conjugation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/adc-manufacturing/conjugation) - [Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/NL/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/adc-manufacturing/antibody-drug-conjugate-manufacturing-purification) - 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