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Growing global demand, however, poses severe challenges for vaccine manufacturers. Each new pathogen or outbreak adds to the variety of vaccine types and manufacturing methods needed, preventing establishment of robust processing templates that could improve overall effectiveness, safety, and affordability. [Request Information](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/campaigns/better-faster-safer-vaccine-production) * * * ## Related Products Slide 1 of 15 1 of 4 [ \ SAFC \ 1.01697 \ Benzonase® endonuclease](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/101697) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ P2GVPPV05 \ Pellicon® 2 Cassette Media: Durapore® 0.22 µm](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/p2gvppv05) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ 1.16881 \ Fractogel® EMD TMAE (M)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/116881) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ 1.16884 \ Fractogel® EMD DMAE (M)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/116884) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ 120650 \ Eshmuno® CMX Resin](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/120650) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ 1.20083 \ Eshmuno® CPX Resin](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/120083) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ NXF-10 \ Natrix® Q Pilot](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/nxf10) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ PSHVAG021 \ Prostak™ MF Module Media: Durapore® 0.45 µm](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/pshvag021) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ PSDVAG101 \ Prostak™ MF Module Media: Durapore® 0.65 µm](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/psdvag101) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ PSHVAG041 \ Prostak™ MF Module Media: Durapore® 0.45 µm](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/pshvag041) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ PSHVAG101 \ Prostak™ MF Module Media: Durapore® 0.45 µm](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/pshvag101) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ PSDVAG041 \ Prostak™ MF Module Media: Durapore® 0.65 µm](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/psdvag041) Quick View [ \ SAFC \ 1.08219 \ Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/108219) Quick View [ \ SAFC \ 59920C \ EX-CELL® Antifoam](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/59920c) Quick View [ \ Millipore \ PCC100C05 \ Pellicon® Capsule 0.5 m2 Ultracel® 100 kDa C Screen](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/mm/pcc100c05) Quick View * * * ## Featured Categories [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/language-masters/en/products/pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/bioprocessing-cell-culture/single-use-bioreactors) [Bioprocessing Mobius® Single-Use Bioreactors](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/language-masters/en/products/pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/bioprocessing-cell-culture/single-use-bioreactors) The Mobius® Bioreactor family includes the bench scale (2 mL and 3 L), pilot, clinical and commercial manufacturing (50 – 2,000 L) single-use bioreactors that enable cell culturing capabilities from early process development through commercial batch production. 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[Shop Products](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/bioprocessing-formulation-raw-materials/liquid-cell-culture-media-buffers) * * * Overview Related Articles & Protocols Support From a manufacturing perspective, many factors are critical to accelerating vaccine production and meeting performance goals. These include predictable scale-up, optimal upstream productivity, robust impurity removal, maximized downstream recovery, speed to clinic, patient safety, and regulatory compliance. Achieving process improvements can drive success for all of the vaccine development platforms described below, but innovative technologies and a high level of application expertise are required. ## VACCINE MANUFACTURING PLATFORMS [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/cell-based-vaccine-manufacturing) [Virus-Based Vaccines](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/cell-based-vaccine-manufacturing) The process to manufacture attenuated virus-based vaccines is complex, consists of multiple steps and must maintain the infective potential of the attenuated virus. [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/viral-like-particles-vaccine-manufacturing) [Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/viral-like-particles-vaccine-manufacturing) Manufacturing of VLPs involves cell-based expression of the virus-shell protein. VLPs can be expressed in several heterologous expression systems including mammalian cell culture, baculovirus / insect cell culture system, microbial fermentation and plants. [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/viral-like-particles-vaccine-manufacturing) [Viral Vector Vaccines](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/viral-like-particles-vaccine-manufacturing) While the manufacturing process for vaccine vectors is fairly templated, some challenges may arise, since several different viruses with varying properties can be used. [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/plasmid-dna-vaccines-manufacturing) [Plasmid DNA Vaccines](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/plasmid-dna-vaccines-manufacturing) pDNA manufacturing presents several challenges. Production suffers from low productivity of microbial fermentation. Additionally, the purification process is complicated by the fact that the bacterial lysate is highly viscous and contains contaminants with properties similar to pDNA, leading to low resolution separation. [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/mrna-vaccines-process-manufacturing) [mRNA Vaccines](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/mrna-vaccines-process-manufacturing) Development and manufacturing of mRNA vaccines is comparatively simple, scalable and extremely rapid. mRNA is produced by *in vitro* synthesis through an enzymatic process, there is no need to remove cells or host cell proteins, and it allows GMP facilities to switch to a new protein target within a very short period of time. [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/protein-subunit-vaccine-manufacturing) [Protein Subunit Vaccines](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/protein-subunit-vaccine-manufacturing) Protein subunit vaccines use purified, recombinant fragments of viral proteins as antigens to stimulate the immune system and create protective immunity. Because viral protein fragments are incapable of causing infection, recombinant protein-based vaccines are considered to be safer than use of live attenuated or inactivated viruses. [](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) [Looking for More Specific Information?](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) Visit our document search for data sheets, certificates and technical documentation. [Find Documents](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) [Shop All Vaccine Manufacturing Products](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/search/vaccine-manufacturing?focus=products&sort=relevance&term=Vaccine%20Manufacturing&type=product) ## Related Articles - [Cost Modeling Vaccine Manufacturing: Estimate Production Costs for mRNA and other Vaccine Modalities](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/cost-modeling-vaccine-manufacturing) A custom-designed cost model is used to explore the economics of vaccine manufacturing across several different modalities including mRNA. The model enables greater process understanding, simulates bottlenecks, and helps to optimize production efficiency. - [Developing and Manufacturing Attenuated Viral Vaccines](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/cell-based-vaccine-manufacturing-process-attenuated-viral-vaccines) Learn more one the attenuated viral vaccines manufacturing process: cell culture, clarification, nuclease treatment, chromatography, and sterile filtration. - [Egg-based and Cell-based Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing Methods](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/egg-based-cell-based-influenza-vaccine-manufacturing) Influenza vaccines are commonly made using egg-based and cell-based manufacturing strategies. Find step-by-step information on the manufacturing process for each method. - [Adenovirus Vaccine Manufacturing Process](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/adenovirus-vaccine-manufacturing-process) This technical article breaks down the adenovirus vaccine manufacturing process and provides a case study on developing an accelerated and cost-effective single-use adenoviral vector vaccine. - [Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccine Bioprocessing and Formulation Steps](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/virus-like-particle-vaccine-bioprocessing-formulation) This technical article breaks down the steps of upstream and downstream bioprocessing and formulation of virus-like particle vaccines. - [Plasmid DNA Purification Process](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/pdna-vaccine-manufacturing/plasmid-dna-manufacturing-downstream-purification) Free eBook outlines plasmid DNA manufacturing process and downstream purification challenges for various applications. - [See All (10)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/search/facet-search?focus=sitecontent&term=facet-search) ### Find More Articles and Protocols Enter Keywords Search ## How Can We Help In case of any questions, please submit a [customer support request](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/support/customer-support) or talk to our customer service team: Email [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) or call +1 (800) 244-1173 ## Additional Support - [Chromatogram Search](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chromatogram-search) Use the Chromatogram Search to identify unknown compounds in your sample. - [Calculators & Apps](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/support/calculators-and-apps) Web Toolbox - science research tools and resources for analytical chemistry, life science, chemical synthesis and materials science. - [Customer Support Request](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/support/customer-support) Customer support including help with orders, products, accounts, and website technical issues. - [FAQ](https://maestro.my.site.com/knowledgeportal/s/) Explore our Frequently Asked Questions for answers to commonly asked questions about our products and services. * * * __Featured Articles__ [Cost Modeling Vaccine Manufacturing: Estimate Production Costs for mRNA and other Vaccine Modalities](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/cost-modeling-vaccine-manufacturing) A custom-designed cost model is used to explore the economics of vaccine manufacturing across several different modalities including mRNA. The model enables greater process understanding, simulates bottlenecks, and helps to optimize production efficiency. [Developing and Manufacturing Attenuated Viral Vaccines](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/cell-based-vaccine-manufacturing-process-attenuated-viral-vaccines) Learn more one the attenuated viral vaccines manufacturing process: cell culture, clarification, nuclease treatment, chromatography, and sterile filtration. [Egg-based and Cell-based Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing Methods](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/egg-based-cell-based-influenza-vaccine-manufacturing) Influenza vaccines are commonly made using egg-based and cell-based manufacturing strategies. Find step-by-step information on the manufacturing process for each method. [Adenovirus Vaccine Manufacturing Process](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/pharmaceutical-and-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/vaccine-manufacturing/adenovirus-vaccine-manufacturing-process) This technical article breaks down the adenovirus vaccine manufacturing process and provides a case study on developing an accelerated and cost-effective single-use adenoviral vector vaccine. Top __Sign In To Continue__ To continue reading please sign in or create an account. 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[Interrogation of Protein Pathways](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/interrogation-protein-pathways) - [Lysis & Protein Extraction](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/lysis-and-protein-extraction) - [Protein & Nucleic Acid Interactions](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-and-nucleic-acid-interactions) - [Protein Concentration & Buffer Exchange](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-concentration-and-buffer-exchange) - [Protein Expression](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-expression) - [Protein Labeling & Modification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-labeling-and-modification) - [Protein Pulldown](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-pulldown) - [Protein Purification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-purification) - 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Services - [Contract Manufacturing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing) - [ADC & Bioconjugation](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/adc-bioconjugation) - [Diagnostic OEM & CMO Services](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/ivd-development-manufacturing/diagnostic-oem-cmo) - [mRNA & LNP](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/mrna-and-lnp-formulation-ctdmo-services) - [Lipids CDMO Services](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/mrna-and-lnp-formulation-ctdmo-services/lipids-cdmo-services) - [Lipid Nanoparticle CDMO Service](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/mrna-and-lnp-formulation-ctdmo-services/lipid-nanoparticle-cdmo-services) - [Small Molecule](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/small-molecule) - [Activated Polyethylene Glycol (PEGs)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/services/contract-manufacturing/peg) - 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