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Degradation of sulphamethazine by means of an improved photo-Fenton process involving a hydrogen peroxide systematic dosage.

Degradation of sulphamethazine by means of an improved photo-Fenton process involving a hydrogen peroxide systematic dosage.

Environmental technology (2014-06-25)

Evelyn Yamal-Turbay, Lydia Pérez González, Moisès Graells, Montserrat Pérez-Moya

RESUMEN

Despite being acknowledged as an emerging contaminant, sulphamethazine (SMT) degradation has received scarce attention in the advanced oxidation processes field. Thus, this work addresses the degradation of SMT in water solutions (12 L of 25mgL-1 samples) by means of a photo-Fenton process and a systematic H202 dosage protocol that enhances its performance. A conventional photo-Fenton process led to 86% mineralization after 120 min treatment when adding the Fenton reactants at once (initial concentrations were 10mgL-1 Fe(II) and 200mgL-1 H2O2). Conversely, the process achieved the total mineralization of the samples in less than 75 min when the same amount of H202 was continuously dosed according to a conveniently tuned dosage protocol. In both cases, total SMT degradation was achieved within 10 min. Hence, this work's aim is to determine the efficient dosage conditions of H2O2. The results show that a significant improvement of the photo-Fenton mineralization of SMT solutions is possible by adjusting the dosage of H2O2.

MATERIALES

Número de producto

Marca

Descripción del producto

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, ≥99%, reduced, powder (fine)

Millipore

Peróxido de hidrógeno solution, 3%, suitable for microbiology

Sigma-Aldrich

Peróxido de hidrógeno solution, contains ~200 ppm acetanilide as stabilizer, 3 wt. % in H₂O

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, granular, 10-40 mesh, >99.99% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Carbonyl iron, ≥97% Fe basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

Sigma-Aldrich

Sulfamethazine, 99.0-101.0% (on dried basis)

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Supelco

Sulfamethazine, VETRANAL^®, analytical standard

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

Sulfamethazine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 99.95%

Iron, rod, 50mm, diameter 40mm, as drawn, armcO« soft ingot 99.8%

Iron, rod, 200mm, diameter 25mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, rod, 200mm, diameter 6.35mm, as drawn, soft ingot 99.8%

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 100mm, as drawn, armcO« soft ingot 99.8%

Iron, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 200mm, diameter 9.5mm, as drawn, soft ingot 99.8+%

Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.2mm, inside diameter 2.2mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%

Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.9mm, as rolled, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Iron, rod, 500mm, diameter 9.5mm, as drawn, soft ingot 99.8+%

Iron, rod, 200mm, diameter 3.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%