Antagonistic and synergistic effects of light irradiation on the effects of copper on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Antagonistic and synergistic effects of light irradiation on the effects of copper on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2014-07-30)

Giulia Cheloni, Claudia Cosio, Vera I Slaveykova

ABSTRACT

The present study showed the important role of light intensity and spectral composition on Cu uptake and effects on green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. High-intenisty light (HL) increased cellular Cu concentrations, but mitigated the Cu-induced decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation at high Cu concentrations, indicating that Cu and HL interact in an antagonistic manner. HL up-regulated the transcription of genes involved in the antioxidant response in C. reinhardtii and thus reduced the oxidative stress upon exposure to Cu and HL. Combined exposure to Cu and UVBR resulted in an increase of cellular Cu contents and caused severe oxidative damage to the cells. The observed effects were higher than the sum of the effects corresponding to exposure to UVBR or Cu alone suggesting a synergistic interaction.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

61139

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, turnings, purum p.a., ≥99.0%

326488

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, beads, 2-8 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

BCR058

Continuous cast copper (O), BCR^®, certified reference material, rod

266744

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

12816

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, ≥99.8% (complexometric)

207780

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, powder, <75 μm, 99%

GF04898357

Copper, insulated wire, 20m, conductor diameter 0.125mm, insulation thickness 0.01mm, polyimide insulation, 99.99%

GF55575647

Copper, insulated wire, 5m, conductor diameter 0.5mm, insulation thickness 0.025mm, polyimide insulation, 99.99%

GF55859855

Copper, insulated wire, 2m, conductor diameter 1.0mm, insulation thickness 0.25mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation

GF13846877

Copper, rod, 100mm, diameter 16mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF14145689

Copper, mesh, 600x600mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF33693194

Copper, insulated wire, 50m, conductor diameter 0.5mm, insulation thickness 0.06mm, polyimide insulation

GF15689818

Copper, insulated wire, 5m, conductor diameter 0.24mm, insulation thickness 0.25mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation

GF69546819

Copper, mesh, 100x100mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF26289939

Copper, mesh, 65x65mm, nominal aperture 0.2mm, thickness 0.004mm, wire diameter 0.0125mm, 118 wires/inch, open area 88%, electro-formed mesh

254177

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, beads, 2-8 mm, 99.9995% trace metals basis

349208

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

326410

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 0.64 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis

349224

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 2.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

326429

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

349151

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

349216

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, ≥99.9%

GF53474980

Copper, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 10.26mm, wall thickness 1.22mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF93436926

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 0.95mm, inside diameter 0.29mm, wall thickness 0.33mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF69447280

Copper, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.75mm, inside diameter 0.23mm, wall thickness 0.26mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF94832208

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.24mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF00529040

Copper, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 3.0mm, precision sphere grade 200

GF69818855

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.95+%

GF23476833

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.95+%

GF73649559

Copper, wire reel, 10m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%