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Hypoxia-inducible factors link iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.

Hypoxia-inducible factors link iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.

Gastroenterology (2014-01-07)

Yatrik M Shah, Liwei Xie

ABSTRACT

Iron is required for efficient oxygen transport, and hypoxia signaling links erythropoiesis with iron homeostasis. Hypoxia induces a highly conserved signaling pathway in cells under conditions of low levels of O2. One component of this pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), is a transcription factor that is highly active in hypoxic cells. The first HIF target gene characterized was EPO, which encodes erythropoietin-a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis. In the past decade, there have been fundamental advances in our understanding of how hypoxia regulates iron levels to support erythropoiesis and maintain systemic iron homeostasis. We review the cell type-specific effects of hypoxia and HIFs in adaptive response to changes in oxygen and iron availability as well as potential uses of HIF modulators for patients with iron-related disorders.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 500mm, diameter 12.7mm, as drawn, 99.95%

Iron, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 8.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.20mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.15mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 3.2mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.0025mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.002mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, rod, 500mm, diameter 6.35mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, rod, 200mm, diameter 30mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, wire reel, 250m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.065mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.020mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 100mm, as drawn, armcO« soft ingot 99.8%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.85%

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%