TS Answer: The content of Gramicidins A1, A2, B1, C1 and C2 in G5002 is lot-dependent & is ≥ 95.0 %. The content of Gramicidin A1 is also lot-dependent & is ≥ 60.0 %. Please refer to lot-specific CoA. The % contents of the other Gramicidins are not determined in-house. According to published literature citations, Gramicidin A is pore-forming.
G5002
Gramicidin
from Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Bacillus brevis), powder or crystalline powder, antibiotic
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100 MG
₩53,186
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₩150,119
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₩246,036
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₩777,896
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Product Name
Gramicidin from Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Bacillus brevis), Linear polypeptide antibiotic complex. A mixture of gramicidins A, B, C, and D.
antibiotic activity spectrum
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
Mode of action
cell membrane | interferes
enzyme | inhibits
storage temp.
2-8°C
SMILES string
[nH]1c2c(c(c1)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC=O)C(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc7c8c([nH]c7)cccc8)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc5c6c([nH]c5)
InChI
1S/C99H140N20O17/c1-51(2)37-73(109-86(123)59(17)107-81(122)49-105-96(133)82(55(9)10)106-50-121)89(126)108-60(18)87(124)117-84(57(13)14)98(135)119-85(58(15)16)99(136)118-83(56(11)12)97(134)116-80(44-64-48-104-72-34-26-22-30-68(64)72)95(132)112-76(40-54(7)8)92(129)115-79(43-63-47-103-71-33-25-21-29-67(63)71)94(131)111-75(39-53(5)6)91(128)114-78(42-62-46-102-70-32-24-20-28-66(62)70)93(130)110-74(38-52(3)4)90(127)113-77(88(125)100-35-36-120)41-61-45-101-69-31-23-19-27-65(61)69/h19-34,45-48,50-60,73-80,82-85,101-104,120H,35-44,49H2,1-18H3,(H,100,125)(H,105,133)(H,106,121)(H,107,122)(H,108,126)(H,109,123)(H,110,130)(H,111,131)(H,112,132)(H,113,127)(H,114,128)(H,115,129)(H,116,134)(H,117,124)(H,118,136)(H,119,135)/t59-,60-,73+,74+,75+,76+,77-,78-,79-,80-,82-,83-,84+,85-/m0/s1
InChI key
ZWCXYZRRTRDGQE-SORVKSEFSA-N
1 of 4
This Item | 50845 | 50847 | 69554 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quality Level 200 | Quality Level 100 | Quality Level 100 | Quality Level 100 |
| storage temp. 2-8°C | storage temp. 2-8°C | storage temp. 2-8°C | storage temp. −20°C |
| antibiotic activity spectrum Gram-negative bacteria | antibiotic activity spectrum Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria | antibiotic activity spectrum Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria | antibiotic activity spectrum - |
| mode of action cell membrane | interferes | mode of action cell membrane | interferes, enzyme | inhibits | mode of action cell membrane | interferes, enzyme | inhibits | mode of action - |
General description
Chemical structure: peptide
Application
Gramicidin from Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Bacillus brevis) has been used as a control to measure the rate of diffusion of protonated β-lactams through the lipid bilayer in liposome swelling assay.[3] It has also been used as an analyte for the purpose of infrared laser desorption or ionization from silicon.[4]
Biochem/physiol Actions
Linear polypeptide antibiotic mixture of gramicidin A, B, C, and D.
Linear polypeptide antibiotic mixture of gramicidin A, B, C, and D. Gramicidin A acts as neutral carrier and helps in the establishment of ion flux across the lipid bilayer.[2]
Linear polypeptide antibiotic, a mixture of gramicidin A, B, C, and D. Gramicidin D, a channel-forming ionophore that flip-flops slowly across the membrane is a known Pgp substrate and surprisingly was found to inhibit Pgp ATPase activity. This inhibition was reversed by other Pgp substrates suggesting a common drug binding site among MDR substrate-type drugs and chemosensitizers.
Storage Class Code
11 - Combustible Solids
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
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Porin channels in Escherichia coli: studies with liposomes reconstituted from purified proteins.
Nikaido H and Rosenberg E Y
Journal of Bacteriology, 153(1), 241-252 (1983)
Combined electrochemistry and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy of gramicidin A incorporated into tethered bilayer lipid membranes.
Jacek Kozuch et al.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 51(32), 8114-8117 (2012-08-07)
E J Prenner et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1462(1-2), 201-221 (1999-12-11)
Gramicidin S (GS) is a cyclic decapeptide of primary structure [cyclo-(Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro)(2)] secreted by Bacillus brevis. It is a powerful antimicrobial agent with potent cidal action on a wide variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as on several pathogenic
Sabrina Faozia et al.
Infection and immunity, 89(4) (2021-01-21)
The second messenger cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) controls biofilm formation, stress response, and virulence in Streptococcus pyogenes The deletion of the c-di-AMP synthase gene, dacA, results in pleiotropic effects including reduced expression of the secreted protease SpeB. Here, we report a
Rong Chen et al.
Toxins, 5(2), 456-471 (2013-02-26)
Various gating modifier toxins partition into membranes and interfere with the gating mechanisms of biological ion channels. For example, GsMTx4 potentiates gramicidin and several bacterial mechanosensitive channels whose gating kinetics are sensitive to mechanical properties of the membrane, whereas binding
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Product Information Sheet
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I have a question about this product (gramicidin) - What is the composition/percentage of A, B, C, D in this Gramicidin mix? Which one has the pore-forming activity, A, B, C or D? Thanks!
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