Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease.

Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease.

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita (2005-10-26)

Beatrice Bocca, Giovanni Forte, Francesco Petrucci, Anna Pino, Francesca Marchione, Giuseppe Bomboi, Oreste Senofonte, Franco Giubilei, Alessandro Alimonti

PMID16244393

ABSTRACT

The haematic concentration of 26 metals and the oxidative damage in 60 patients (20 males and 40 females) affected by Alzheimer's disease and 44 healthy individuals (33 males and 11 females) were compared. In patients, the following significant (p < or = 0.05) discrepancies were found: i) increment of Ca, Cd, Hg, Mg, Si and Sn, and decrement of Al, Co, Fe and Zn in serum; ii) higher concentrations of Cu, Li, Mn, Sn and Zr and lower of Fe, Hg, Mo in blood; iii) overproduction of oxidant species (SOS) and decrease of the anti-oxidant capacity (SAC) (p < or = 0.001, for both). Variables that, joined, better discriminated between patients and controls resulted to be Si, SOS, SAC, Co, Ca, Al in serum (94% of cases correctly classified) and Cu, Zr, Mo and Fe in blood (90% of cases properly categorized).

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

I5281

SAFC

L-Isoleucine

40541

Supelco

L-Phenylalanine, certified reference material, TraceCERT^®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland

54763

Supelco

L-Serine, certified reference material, TraceCERT^®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland

W368401

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Glutamine

PHR1107

Supelco

L-Glutamic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

PHR1103

Supelco

L-Serine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

91331

Supelco

L-Phenylalanine, analytical standard, for Nitrogen Determination According to Kjeldahl Method

267503

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis

265470

Sigma-Aldrich

Bismuth, shot, 4-30 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis

460397

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, foil, thickness 0.127 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

203904

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, powder, <150 μm, 99.99% trace metals basis

452386

Sigma-Aldrich

Bismuth, beads, 1-5 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

267554

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, wire, diam. 0.25 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

265462

Sigma-Aldrich

Bismuth, powder, −100 mesh, 99% trace metals basis

356956

Sigma-Aldrich

Tin, wire, diam. 0.5 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

264008

Sigma-Aldrich

Bismuth, powder, −100 mesh, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

268259

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, ≥99.9%

398055

Sigma-Aldrich

Succinic acid, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%

357197

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, foil, thickness 0.127 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

W328502

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Glutamic acid, FCC

441872

Sigma-Aldrich

Calcium, dendritic pieces, purified by distillation, 99.99% trace metals basis

324930

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, powder, <150 μm, 99.995% trace metals basis

W248800

Sigma-Aldrich

Fumaric acid, FCC, FG

267058

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, wire, diam. 0.5 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

W358509

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Phenylalanine, 99%, FCC

348805

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis

348864

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, wire, diam. 0.5 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis

267007

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis

268283

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, powder, <1 μm, 99.8% trace metals basis

327387

Sigma-Aldrich

Calcium, pieces, <1 cm, 99%