Tungsten toxicity.

Tungsten toxicity.

Chemico-biological interactions (2011-12-21)

Mark L Witten, Paul R Sheppard, Brandon L Witten

ABSTRACT

There is emerging evidence that tungsten has toxic health effects. We summarize the recent tungsten toxicity research in this short review. Tungsten is widely used in many commercial and military applications because it has the second highest melting temperature of any element. Consequently, it is important to elucidate the potential health effects of tungsten.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

GF75550866

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.025mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

510106

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, powder (monocrystalline), 0.6-1 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

267546

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

267511

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, powder, 12 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

GF87677915

Tungsten, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.08mm, coil width .9mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF78315419

Tungsten, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.10mm, coil width .9mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF91197748

Tungsten, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.1mm, coil width .6mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF13770491

Tungsten, rod, 50mm, diameter 16mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF25095854

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 5.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF18728961

Tungsten, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 182μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.95%

GF14696859

Tungsten, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF22953012

Tungsten, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.004mm, hard, clean, 99.95%

GF18063783

Tungsten, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 474μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.95%

GF52817878

Tungsten, foil, 30mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF10563342

Tungsten, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.95%

GF12679106

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.95%

GF37265429

Tungsten, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF59032481

Tungsten, insulated wire, 5m, conductor diameter 0.0125mm, insulation thickness 0.0035mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF17364191

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.08mm, coil width .9mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF07918230

Tungsten, rod, 1000mm, diameter 1.6mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF27705281

Tungsten, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.02mm, gold plated, 99.95%

GF49127014

Tungsten, insulated wire, 20m, conductor diameter 0.075mm, insulation thickness 0.02mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation, 99.9%

GF66018999

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF02220567

Tungsten, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.1mm, coil width 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF27648007

Tungsten, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.035mm, clean, 99.95%

GF21160178

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.95%

GF06473033

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF22463995

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 2.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF24694049

Tungsten, insulated wire, 2m, conductor diameter 0.015mm, insulation thickness 0.002mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF54025040

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width .51mm, as rolled, 99.95%