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A dual wavelength-activatable gold nanorod complex for synergistic cancer treatment.

A dual wavelength-activatable gold nanorod complex for synergistic cancer treatment.

Nanoscale (2015-07-01)

Dennis B Pacardo, Bhanu Neupane, S Michaela Rikard, Yue Lu, Ran Mo, Sumeet R Mishra, Joseph B Tracy, Gufeng Wang, Frances S Ligler, Zhen Gu

ABSTRACT

A multifunctional gold nanorod (AuNR) complex is described with potential utility for theranostic anticancer treatment. The AuNR was functionalized with cyclodextrin for encapsulation of doxorubicin, with folic acid for targeting, and with a photo-responsive dextran-azo compound for intracellular controlled drug release. The interaction of a AuNR complex with HeLa cells was facilitated via a folic acid targeting ligand as displayed in the dark-field images of cells. Enhanced anticancer efficacy was demonstrated through the synergistic combination of promoted drug release upon ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation and photothermal therapy upon infrared (IR) irradiation. This multifunctional AuNR-based system represents a novel theranostic strategy for spatiotemporal delivery of anticancer therapeutics.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, anhydrous, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodium borohydride, powder, ≥98.0%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dichloromethane, anhydrous, ≥99.8%, contains 40-150 ppm amylene as stabilizer

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 190 proof, meets USP testing specifications

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, anhydrous, ≥99.9%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dichloromethane, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%, contains 40-150 ppm amylene as stabilizer

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodium borohydride, ReagentPlus^®, 99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, sterile-filtered, BioPerformance Certified, meets EP, USP testing specifications, suitable for hybridoma

Sigma-Aldrich

Trypan Blue solution, 0.4%, liquid, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, meets EP testing specifications, meets USP testing specifications

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, Molecular Biology

Sigma-Aldrich

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, BioXtra, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, ≥98%

Sigma-Aldrich

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, Molecular Biology, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, Hybri-Max^™, sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for hybridoma, ≥99.7%

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Ascorbic acid, FCC, FG

Sigma-Aldrich

N,N-Dimethylformamide, anhydrous, 99.8%

Sigma-Aldrich

11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid, 95%

Sigma-Aldrich

Trypan Blue, powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture

Supelco

Ethanol standards 10% (v/v), 10 % (v/v) in H₂O, analytical standard

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Ascorbic acid, powder, suitable for cell culture, γ-irradiated

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Ascorbic acid, BioXtra, ≥99.0%, crystalline

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Ascorbic acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, Ph. Eur., 99.7-100.5% (oxidimetric)

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide-d₆, 99.9 atom % D

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Ascorbic acid, 99%

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Ascorbic acid, reagent grade, crystalline

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Ascorbic acid, puriss. p.a., ≥99.0% (RT)

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Ascorbic acid, ACS reagent, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

L-Ascorbic acid, reagent grade