Synthesis of Rottlerone Analogues and Evaluation of Their α-Glucosidase and DPP-4 Dual Inhibitory and Glucose Consumption-Promoting Activity.

Our previous study found that desmethylxanthohumol (1) inhibited α-glucosidase in vitro. Recently, further investigations revealed that dehydrocyclodesmethylxanthohumol (2) and its dimer analogue rottlerone (3) exhibited more potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than 1. The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of rottlerone analogues and evaluate their α-glucosidase and DPP-4 dual inhibitory activity. The results showed that compounds 4d and 5d irreversibly and potently inhibited α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.22 and 0.12 μM) and moderately inhibited DPP-4 (IC50 = 23.59 and 26.19 μM), respectively. In addition, compounds 4d and 5d significantly promoted glucose consumption, with the activity of 5d at 0.2 μM being comparable to that of metformin at a concentration of 1 mM.