Levels, sources and health risks of carbonyls and BTEX in the ambient air of Beijing, China.

Levels, sources and health risks of carbonyls and BTEX in the ambient air of Beijing, China.

Journal of environmental sciences (China) (2012-07-13)

Yujie Zhang, Yujing Mu, Junfeng Liu, Abdelwahid Mellouki

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

The atmospheric concentrations of carbonyls and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene) were measured simultaneously at a same sampling site in Beijing from September 2008 to August 2010. The average concentrations of the total measured carbonyls during autumn, winter, spring, and summer were 37.7, 31.3, 39.7, 50.5 microg/m3, respectively, and maximal values for their diurnal variations usually happened at noontime. In contrast to carbonyls, the average concentrations of the total measured BTEX during the four seasons were 27.2, 31.9, 23.2, 19.1 microg/m3, respectively, and minimal values for their diurnal variations always occurred in the early afternoon. The average concentration for carbonyls increased about 24% from September 2008-August 2009 to September 2009-August 2010, for BTEX, increased about 15%. Integrated life time cancer risks for three carcinogens (benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) in Beijing exceeded the value of 1E-06, and the hazard quotient (HQ) of non-cancer risk of exposure to formaldehyde exceeded unity.

MATERIALIEN

Produktnummer

Marke

Produktbeschreibung

534056

Sigma-Aldrich

Xylole, histological grade

247642

Sigma-Aldrich

Xylole, ACS reagent, ≥98.5% xylenes + ethylbenzene basis

214736

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Xylole, reagent grade

X1040

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o-Xylen, reagent grade, ≥98.0%

317195

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p-Xylen, suitable for HPLC, ≥99%

134449

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p-Xylen, ReagentPlus^®, 99%

296333

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p-Xylen, anhydrous, ≥99%

E12508

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Ethylbenzol, ReagentPlus^®, 99%

294780

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o-Xylen, anhydrous, 97%

296848

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Ethylbenzol, anhydrous, 99.8%

03079

Supelco

Ethylbenzol, analytical standard

95660

Supelco

o-Xylen, analytical standard

95680

Supelco

p-Xylen, analytical standard

95670

Supelco

m-Xylol, analytical standard

487104

Supelco

Ethylbenzol -Lösung, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), TMS 0.01 %, NMR tube size 5 mm × 8 in.

PHR1314

Supelco

p-Xylen, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

PHR1312

Supelco

o-Xylen, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

708046

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Ethylbenzol -Lösung, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 10% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D)

736198

Supelco

Ethylbenzol -Lösung, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 10% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), NMR tube size 5 mm × 8 in. , ultra-thin wall

PHR1313

Supelco

m-Xylol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

717967

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethylbenzol -Lösung, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), TMS 0.1 %

708054

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Ethylbenzol -Lösung, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d ("100%", 99.96 atom % D)

714917

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Ethylbenzol -Lösung, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), TMS 0.01 %, NMR tube size 5 mm × 8 in. , ultra-thin wall

612065

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Ethylbenzol -Lösung, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), TMS 0.01 %, NMR tube size 10 mm × 8 in.

717959

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Ethylbenzol -Lösung, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D)

551341

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612480

Supelco

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733768

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Ethylbenzol -Lösung, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 10% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), NMR tube size 10 mm × 8 in.

487120

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Ethylbenzol -Lösung, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), TMS 0.01 %, NMR tube size 8 mm × 8 in.

710725

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