Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of Amphiura filiformis arm tissue-undergoing regeneration.

The extensive arm regeneration of brittle stars following amputation is becoming increasingly recognized as a model system for understanding cellular differentiation and regeneration in a whole animal context. In this study we have used the emerging brittle star model Amphiura filiformis to investigate the initial step of the regeneration process- the early repair phase, at the transcriptome and proteome level. Arm tissues were collected at 1 and 3days post amputation and were analyzed for the differential expression at the transcript and proteome level. A total of 694 genes and 194 proteins were found undergoing differential expression during the initiation of regeneration process. Comparison of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis showed 23 genes/proteins commonly between them with 40% having similar expression patterns. Validation of 33 differentially regulated genes based on RTPCR showed 22 and 19 genes expression as similar to the transcriptome expression during the first and third day post amputation respectively. Based on cellular network and molecular pathway analysis it was found that the differentially regulated transcripts and proteins were involved in structural and developmental network pathways such as cytoskeleton remodeling, cell adhesion integrin and translation initiation pathways for the instigation of regeneration process in brittle star. This study identified various genes and proteins involved in brittle star arm regeneration based on high throughput transcriptomics and proteomics studies. In this study the genes and proteins associated with regeneration were validated and mapped for biological and molecular pathways involved in regeneration mechanism. This study will lead to discovery of marker associated with tissue or organ regeneration.