Gaseous emissions in municipal wastes composting: effect of the bulking agent.

Gaseous emissions in municipal wastes composting: effect of the bulking agent.

Bioresource technology (2014-10-02)

Caterina Maulini-Duran, Adriana Artola, Xavier Font, Antoni Sánchez

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

In this study, the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), CH4, N2O and NH3 during composting non-source selected MSW, source selected organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) with wood chips as bulking agent (OF_wood) and source selected OFMSW with polyethylene (PE) tube as bulking agent (OF_tube) and the effect of bulking agent on these emissions have been systematically studied. Emission factors are provided (in kg compound Mg(-1) dry matter): OF_tube (CH4: 0.0185±0.004; N2O: 0.0211±0.005; NH3: 0.612±0.269; VOC: 0.688±0.082) and MSW (CH4: 0.0549±0.0171; N2O: 0.032±0.015; NH3: 1.00±0.20; VOC: 1.05±0.18) present lower values than OF_wood (CH4: 1.27±0.09; N2O: 0.021±0.006; NH3: 4.34±2.79; VOC: 0.989±0.249). A detailed composition of VOC is also presented. Terpenes were the main emitted VOC family in all the wastes studied. Higher emissions of alpha and beta pinene were found during OF_wood composting processes.

MATERIALIEN

Produktnummer

Marke

Produktbeschreibung

169099

Sigma-Aldrich

Divinylbenzol, technical grade, 55%

414565

Sigma-Aldrich

Divinylbenzol, technical grade, 80%

57341-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS), 100 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, red hub

57300-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS), 100 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, red hub

469319

Sigma-Aldrich

Poly(dimethylsiloxan), viscosity 1.0 cSt (25 °C)

57301

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS), 100 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, red hub

57310-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan/Divinylbenzen (PDMS/DVB), 65 μm PDMS/DVB, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, blue hub

57293-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan/Divinylbenzen (PDMS/DVB), 65 μm PDMS/DVB, StableFlex (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, pink hub

57311

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan/Divinylbenzen (PDMS/DVB), 65 μm PDMS/DVB, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, blue hub

57326-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan/Divinylbenzen (PDMS/DVB), 65 μm PDMS/DVB, StableFlex (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, pink hub

57305

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polyacrylat (PA), 85 μm Polyacrylate, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, white hub

57359-U

Supelco

Tragbarer SPME-Field-Sampler, coating PDMS/DVB

57327-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan/Divinylbenzen (PDMS/DVB), 65 μm PDMS/DVB, StableFlex (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, pink hub

57294-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polyacrylat (PA), 85 μm Polyacrylate, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, white hub

57346-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan/Divinylbenzen (PDMS/DVB), 65 μm PDMS/DVB, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, blue hub

504823

Supelco

Tragbarer SPME-Field-Sampler, coating PDMS

57550-U

Supelco

SPME StableFlex^™ Methodenentwicklungs-Kit, Assortment, StableFlex (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 4

57342-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS), 100 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, red hub

469300

Sigma-Aldrich

Poly-(dimethylsiloxan), viscosity 0.65 cSt (25 °C)

57284-U

Supelco

SPME StableFlex^™ Methodenentwicklungs-Kit, Assortment, StableFlex (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 4

504831

Supelco

Tragbarer SPME-Field-Sampler, coating CAR/PDMS

57324-U

Supelco

SPME-Fasersortiment-Kit 4, Assortment #4, Fused Silica (1 cm), size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3

57354-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung, Carbowax-Polyethylenglycol (PEG)-Beschichtung, 60 μm PEG, Metal Alloy (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, purple hub

57291-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS), 7 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, green hub

57304

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polyacrylat (PA), 85 μm Polyacrylate, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, white hub

57309

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS), 30 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, yellow hub

57345-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung Polydimethylsiloxan/Divinylbenzen (PDMS/DVB), 65 μm PDMS/DVB, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, blue hub

57362-U

Supelco

SPME-Fasersortiment-Kit 5, Assortment #5, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 4

57307

Supelco

SPME-Fasersortiment-Kit 1, Assortment #1, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3

57355-U

Supelco

SPME-Faseranordnung, Carbowax-Polyethylenglycol (PEG)-Beschichtung, 60 μm PEG, Metal Alloy (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, purple hub