Acute and chronic response of Daphnia magna exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles in agitation system.

Acute and chronic response of Daphnia magna exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles in agitation system.

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology (2014-05-23)

Ki-Tae Kim, Stephen J Klaine, Sang D Kim

ABSTRAKT

Aquatic toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) to Daphnia magna was characterized using a completely stirred bioassay system intended to keep particles in suspension thereby maintaining a consistent exposure. The 48-h LC50 was 4.5 mg/L TiO2 NPs, whereas LC50 values for 7 and 14-days exposures were 2.7 and 1.9 mg/L, respectively. An exposure of 1.5 mg/L over a 21-days exposure resulted in significant reductions in fecundity. While reproduction was initially reduced in the 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L exposures, it recovered and was similar to the control by 21 days. For reproduction inhibition, NOEC was 1.0 mg/L. Exposure to 2.5 mg/L TiO2 NPs resulted in 40 % of the organisms failing to become gravid; all surviving organisms exposed to 5.0 mg/L failed to become gravid. The increased sensitivity was due to the refinement in the bioassay system that kept NP in suspension resulting in consistent exposure concentrations.

MATERIAŁY

Numer produktu

Marka

Opis produktu

637262

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, rutile, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size, 99.5% trace metals basis

GF91204466

Titanium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.6+%

GF26694771

Titanium, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF95731960

Titanium, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.5mm, wall thickness 0.75mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF50624434

Titanium, wire reel, 200m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF55775975

Titanium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.6+%

GF91672139

Titanium, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.05mm, hard, 99.8%

GF56868766

Titanium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF00761217

Titanium, wire reel, 200m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.6+%

GF96391402

Titanium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.20mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF36425707

Titanium, wire reel, 200m, diameter 0.20mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF31085760

Titanium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF43519945

Titanium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF34996685

Titanium, wire reel, 200m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF46592949

Titanium, wire, straight, 1000mm, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.6+%

GF43403431

Titanium, wire reel, 500m, diameter 0.20mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF14377631

Titanium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF47404201

Titanium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.20mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF91859967

Titanium, rod, 100mm, diameter 9.5mm, annealed, 99.99+%

GF13959939

Titanium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.5μm, specific density 225.4μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.6+%

GF87716997

Titanium, rod, 100mm, diameter 16mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF66991179

Titanium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF04311638

Titanium, rod, 100mm, diameter 6mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF06082286

Titanium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 1.0μm, specific density 429μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.6+%

GF12929744

Titanium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 112.6μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.6+%

GF61322699

Titanium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF23916618

Titanium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.5μm, specific density 225.4μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.6+%

GF89377701

Titanium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 25.4mm, inside diameter 23.62mm, wall thickness 0.89mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF13900205

Titanium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.51mm, inside diameter 0.35mm, wall thickness 0.08mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF17705516

Titanium, rod, 200mm, diameter 3.0mm, annealed, 99.6+%