固态合成

[跳转至内容](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#main-content) [![Merck](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/static/logos/purple/merck.svg)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh) 产品购物车0 SGZH 产品产品应用服务资源支持 [登录 / 注册](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/oidc-sign-in) [订单查询](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/order-lookup) [快速订购](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/quick-order) 购物车0 [主页](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh)[应用](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/applications)[材料科学与材料工程](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/applications/materials-science-and-engineering)固态合成 # 固态合成 ![由于其优异的性能，采用固相法合成了具有图示ABX3晶体结构的无机钙钛矿。](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/applications/materials-science-and-engineering-/abx3-crystal-structure.jpg "由于其优异的性能，采用固相法合成了具有图示ABX3晶体结构的无机钙钛矿。") 固相合成（或称陶瓷法）通常用于促使固体起始物料发生化学反应，从而形成具有明确结构的新固体。最终产物包括多晶材料、单晶、玻璃和薄膜材料，这些材料被广泛应用于能源和电子领域。将细粒金属化合物混合、制粒，并在受控温度下加热特定时间。某些金属化合物（如[金属氧化物](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/oxides-and-ceramics)或[盐类](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/high-purity-salts)）需要极端条件（例如高温和高压），才能在熔融助熔剂或快速凝结的蒸气相中引发反应。该过程通常被称为“摇晃烘烤”或“加热搅拌”化学法。 * * * ## 相关产品 Slide 1 of 18 1 of 5 [![氯化金 (III) 三水合物 ≥99.9% trace metals basis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/161/175/2d4456a4-ed3b-4c65-839c-c340c05b976f/640/2d4456a4-ed3b-4c65-839c-c340c05b976f.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 520918 \ 氯化金 (III) 三水合物](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/aldrich/520918) 快速浏览 [![碘化铅(II) AnhydroBeads™, −10 mesh, 99.999% trace metals basis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/151/715/64de5df1-f039-4ed6-a1e3-8f8df766e772/640/64de5df1-f039-4ed6-a1e3-8f8df766e772.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 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概述相关文章与操作规程支持在固相合成中，反应速率的表征尤为重要。固相反应必须进行到底，因为对生成的固体进行纯化的技术手段极为有限。固相反应速率取决于反应条件，包括反应物的结构特性、形状和比表面积、扩散速率，以及与成核/反应相关的热力学性质。最终材料的化学和物理性质由化学前驱体和制备技术决定。现代固相制备技术并不局限于陶瓷法的各种变体。在固相复分解反应中，金属化合物的反应由能量源（如火焰、球磨机）引发，并通过产物和副产物形成过程中释放的热量得以推进。 [溶胶-凝胶法](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/solution-and-vapor-deposition-precursors)利用浓缩或胶体溶液（“溶胶”），通过依次加热、干燥和老化，形成凝胶、涂层和纳米材料。溶剂热法是在加压密闭容器中，将溶液加热至高于所选有机溶剂标准沸点的温度；若溶剂为水，则称为水热法。许多以形成固体物质为目的的合成方法，例如气相沉积、插层、单晶生长和纳米材料合成，均可归类为固相合成。 [![文档搜索](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/ecommerce/document-search.png "文档搜索")](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) [需要更详细的信息吗？](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) 请访问我们的文档搜索页面，查阅数据表、证书和技术文档。 [查找文档](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) ## 相关文章 - [溶解度规则 | 常见离子化合物的溶解度](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/solid-state-synthesis/solubility-rules-solubility-of-common-ionic-compounds) 查看常见离子化合物在水中的溶解度规则，下载我们的溶解度规则表以便参考。查找碳酸钙、硫酸钡和硫酸钠等化合物。 - [Using Activated Carbon as a Precious Metal Catalyst Carrier](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/solid-state-synthesis/activated-carbon) Learn how activated carbon is working as a catalyst support and its advantage. - [Magnetic Properties of Materials](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/solid-state-synthesis/properties) The three types of magnetic behaviors are paramagnetism where unpaired electrons are random, ferromagnetism where unpaired electrons align, and antiferromagnetism where unpaired electrons align opposite of one another. - 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[Magnetic Properties of Materials](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/solid-state-synthesis/properties) The three types of magnetic behaviors are paramagnetism where unpaired electrons are random, ferromagnetism where unpaired electrons align, and antiferromagnetism where unpaired electrons align opposite of one another. 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