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Lead and cadmium in the blood of nine species of seabirds, Marion Island, South Africa.

Lead and cadmium in the blood of nine species of seabirds, Marion Island, South Africa.

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology (2014-08-26)

Carly F Summers, William W Bowerman, Nola Parsons, Wayne Y Chao, William C Bridges

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were investigated as potential stressors in nine species of breeding seabirds on Marion Island, South Africa. The majority of blood Pb levels (95 %) were below background exposure levels. Species was a significant factor in ranked means analysis for mean blood Pb levels. Fewer individual blood Cd levels (<60 %) were within background exposure levels and species was not significant. Elevated levels of Cd have been documented in other seabird species without apparent outward effects, which suggests that seabirds may be adapted to high cadmium environments, particularly from their diets. Overall, the results suggest Pb and Cd are not primary causes for concern in these seabirds.

MATERIALIEN

Produktnummer

Marke

Produktbeschreibung

Sigma-Aldrich

Blei, powder, −100 mesh, 99.95% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Cadmium, granular, 30-80 mesh, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Cadmium, powder, −100 mesh, 99.5% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Cadmium, granular, ≥99%, 5-20 mesh

Sigma-Aldrich

Blei, shot, <2 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

Blei, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Sigma-Aldrich

Blei, powder, −325 mesh, ≥99% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Blei, shot, 1-3 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Cadmium, shot, 3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

Cadmium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99%

Blei, rod, 100mm, diameter 19.0mm, 99.95%

Blei, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 100%

Blei, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Cadmium, rod, 100mm, diameter 40mm, 99.9%

Cadmium, rod, 25mm, diameter 40mm, 99.9%

Blei, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Blei, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%

Cadmium, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, 99.999%

Blei, rod, 1000mm, diameter 3.2mm, 99.95%

Cadmium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Blei, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Blei, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Blei, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Blei, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Blei, foil, 500x500mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Blei, rod, 100mm, diameter 6.35mm, 99.95%

Blei, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99.95%

Blei, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Blei, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95%