Determination of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) in surface waters from a Brazilian subtropical hydrographic basin.

Determination of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) in surface waters from a Brazilian subtropical hydrographic basin.

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology (2014-02-18)

Andreia Neves Fernandes, Cindy Duarte Gouveia, Marco Tadeu Grassi, Janaina da Silva Crespo, Marcelo Giovanela

ABSTRACT

This study examined surface water samples for the presence of the monoaromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. Water samples were collected from the sub-basin of the Tegas River and the Marrecas Stream microbasin located in the metropolitan region of the municipality of Caxias do Sul (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). For all sampling points evaluated, only toluene was detected, with concentrations values in the range of 1.70-18.44 μg L(-1). In general, the relatively high toluene concentration for the samples collected were above the limit of 2 μg L(-1) established by the Brazilian government for Class I rivers for the protection of aquatic life. However, they were well below the established limit of 170 μg L(-1) in water used for human consumption.

MATERIALI

Numero di prodotto

Marchio

Descrizione del prodotto

179418

Sigma-Aldrich

Toluene, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

650579

Sigma-Aldrich

Toluene, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, ≥99.9%

270709

Sigma-Aldrich

Benzene, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%

319953

Sigma-Aldrich

Benzene, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%

12540

Supelco

Benzene, analytical standard

401765

Sigma-Aldrich

Benzene, anhydrous, 99.8%

320552

Sigma-Aldrich

Toluene, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

32212

Sigma-Aldrich

Benzene, puriss. p.a., reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99.7%

CRM48617

Supelco

Benzene solution, certified reference material, TraceCERT^®, 200 μg/mL in methanol

PHR1310

Supelco

Benzene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

89680

Supelco

Toluene, analytical standard

296848

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethylbenzene, anhydrous, 99.8%

PHR1311

Supelco

Toluene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

03079

Supelco

Ethylbenzene, analytical standard

PHR1317

Supelco

Toluene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

40084

Supelco

Toluene solution, certified reference material, 5000 μg/mL in methanol

676756

Sigma-Aldrich

Toluene, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

487104

Supelco

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), TMS 0.01 %, NMR tube size 5 mm × 8 in.

CRM48620

Supelco

Toluene solution, certified reference material, TraceCERT^®, 200 μg/mL in methanol, ampule of 1 mL

PHR1229

Supelco

Ethylbenzene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

708046

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 10% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D)

736198

Supelco

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 10% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), NMR tube size 5 mm × 8 in. , ultra-thin wall

717967

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), TMS 0.1 %

708054

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d ("100%", 99.96 atom % D)

714917

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), TMS 0.01 %, NMR tube size 5 mm × 8 in. , ultra-thin wall

717959

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D)

551341

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 5% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), TMS 2 %, NMR tube size 5 mm × 8 in.

612480

Supelco

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), chromium(III) acetylacetonate 0.1 mg/mL, TMS 0.01 %, NMR tube size 5 mm × 8 in.

733768

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 10% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), NMR tube size 10 mm × 8 in.

487120

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethylbenzene solution, suitable for NMR (reference standard), 0.1% in chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), TMS 0.01 %, NMR tube size 8 mm × 8 in.