Recent developments and perspectives in palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides: synthesis of benzonitriles.

Recent developments and perspectives in palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides: synthesis of benzonitriles.

Chemical Society reviews (2011-04-30)

Pazhamalai Anbarasan, Thomas Schareina, Matthias Beller

ABSTRACT

The palladium-catalyzed cyanation of Ar-X (X = I, Br, Cl, OTf, and H) allows for an efficient access towards benzonitriles. After its discovery in 1973 and following significant improvements in recent decades, this methodology has become nowadays the most popular for preparation of substituted aromatic nitriles. In this critical review, we summarize the important developments in this area from 2000 until 2010 (151 references).

MATERIALI

Numero di prodotto

Marchio

Descrizione del prodotto

203939

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, 99.995% trace metals basis

326666

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, <1 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

686468

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, nanopowder, <25 nm particle size (TEM), ≥99.5%

203998

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder or granules, 99.99% trace metals basis

267120

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

GF81435146

Palladium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.95%

267082

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, sponge, 99.9% trace metals basis

464651

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, <75 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

GF71407650

Palladium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

348694

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, wire, diam. 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

GF62571236

Palladium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

267112

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

287474

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

GF48798376

Palladium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

348678

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

348643

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

GF19845120

Palladium, rod, 50mm, diameter 4.0mm, 99.95%

373206

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, evaporation slug, diam. × L 0.6 cm × 0.6 cm, 99.95% trace metals basis

GF65598171

Palladium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF34072815

Palladium, rod, 25mm, diameter 4.0mm, 99.95%

GF89451489

Palladium, rod, 50mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.95%

GF06424398

Palladium, tube, 120mm, outside diameter 6mm, inside diameter 5mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF04041403

Palladium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF73152648

Palladium, rod, 10mm, diameter 6.0mm, 99.95%

GF68272588

Palladium, rod, 25mm, diameter 6.0mm, 99.95%

GF50988358

Palladium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

GF62160409

Palladium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.075mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF39094904

Palladium, tube, 50mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF50683631

Palladium, tube, 50mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF44617619

Palladium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, as rolled, 99.95%