Effect of the structural characteristics of binary Pt-Ru and ternary Pt-Ru-M fuel cell catalysts on the activity of ethanol electrooxidation in acid medium.

Effect of the structural characteristics of binary Pt-Ru and ternary Pt-Ru-M fuel cell catalysts on the activity of ethanol electrooxidation in acid medium.

ChemSusChem (2013-05-08)

Ermete Antolini

ABSTRACT

In view of their possible use as anode materials in acid direct ethanol fuel cells, the electrocatalytic activity of Pt-Ru and Pt-Ru-M catalysts for ethanol oxidation has been investigated. This minireview examines the effects of the structural characteristics of Pt-Ru, such as the degree of alloying and Ru oxidation state, on the electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation.

MATERIALI

Numero di prodotto

Marchio

Descrizione del prodotto

E7023

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure 200 proof, Molecular Biology

459844

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

493546

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, meets USP testing specifications

459836

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, anhydrous, ≥99.5%

493511

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 190 proof, ACS spectrophotometric grade, 95.0%

02870

Sigma-Aldrich

Etanolo, ACS reagent, prima fine spirit, without additive, F15 o¹

51976

Sigma-Aldrich

Etanolo, BioUltra, Molecular Biology, ≥99.8%, (absolute alcohol, without additive, A15 o¹)

02856

Sigma-Aldrich

Etanolo, purum, absolute ethanol, denaturated with 4.8% isopropanol, A15 IPA¹, ≥99.8% (based on denaturant-free substance)

PHR1070

Supelco

Etanolo, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

02483

Supelco

Etanolo, standard for GC

02857

Sigma-Aldrich

Etanolo, purum, fine spirit, denaturated with 4.8% methanol, F25 METHYL¹, ~96% (based on denaturant-free substance)

E-029

Supelco

Ethanol-50, 50 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-033

Supelco

Ethanol-300, 300 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

277649

Sigma-Aldrich

Reagent Alcohol, anhydrous, ≤0.003% water

E-040

Supelco

Ethanol-10, 10 mg/dL in H₂O, pack of 10 × 1.2 mL ampules, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-030

Supelco

Ethanol-80, 80 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-031

Supelco

Ethanol-100 (10 ampules/kit), 100 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

02890

Sigma-Aldrich

Etanolo, purum, fine spirit, denaturated with 2% 2-butanone, F25 MEK¹, ~96% (based on denaturant-free substance)

02851

Sigma-Aldrich

Etanolo

676829

Sigma-Aldrich

Reagent Alcohol, anhydrous, ≤0.005% water

29221

Sigma-Aldrich

Etanolo, tested according to Ph. Eur.

E-053

Supelco

Ethanol-500, 500 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-041

Supelco

Ethanol-150, 150 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

02882

Sigma-Aldrich

Etanolo, purum, absolute ethanol, denaturated with 2% 2-butanone, A15 MEK¹, ≥99.8% (based on denaturant-free substance)

E-032

Supelco

Ethanol-200 (10 ampules/kit), 200 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

02858

Sigma-Aldrich

Etanolo, purum, absolute ethanol, denaturated with 1% cyclohexane, A15 CYCLO¹, ≥99.8% (based on denaturant-free substance)

1012772

USP

Etanolo, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

02891

Sigma-Aldrich

Etanolo, purum, secunda spirit, denaturated with 2% 2-butanone, S15, ~96% (based on denaturant-free substance)

E-036

Supelco

Ethanol-400 (10 ampules/kit), 400 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-034

Supelco

Ethanol Calibration Kit, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®