Multiple nutrient stresses at intersecting Pacific Ocean biomes detected by protein biomarkers.

Multiple nutrient stresses at intersecting Pacific Ocean biomes detected by protein biomarkers.

Science (New York, N.Y.) (2014-09-06)

Mak A Saito, Matthew R McIlvin, Dawn M Moran, Tyler J Goepfert, Giacomo R DiTullio, Anton F Post, Carl H Lamborg

PMID25190794

ABSTRACT

Marine primary productivity is strongly influenced by the scarcity of required nutrients, yet our understanding of these nutrient limitations is informed by experimental observations with sparse geographical coverage and methodological limitations. We developed a quantitative proteomic method to directly assess nutrient stress in high-light ecotypes of the abundant cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus across a meridional transect in the central Pacific Ocean. Multiple peptide biomarkers detected widespread and overlapping regions of nutritional stress for nitrogen and phosphorus in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and iron in the equatorial Pacific. Quantitative protein analyses demonstrated simultaneous stress for these nutrients at biome interfaces. This application of proteomic biomarkers to diagnose ocean metabolism demonstrated Prochlorococcus actively and simultaneously deploying multiple biochemical strategies for low-nutrient conditions in the oceans.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

343242

Sigma-Aldrich

Phosphorus, red, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

267953

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, <10 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

338141

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

295574

Sigma-Aldrich

Nitrogen, ≥99.998%

04004

Sigma-Aldrich

Phosphorus, red, ≥97.0%

356824

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

C3518

Sigma-Aldrich

Carbonyl iron, ≥97% Fe basis

12310

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, ≥99%, reduced, powder (fine)

413054

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, granular, 10-40 mesh, >99.99% trace metals basis

GF48694179

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.38mm, hard, 99.5%

GF96559767

Iron, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

GF57991786

Iron, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF63582970

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.08mm, wall thickness 0.46mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF44765668

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.38mm, hard, 99.5%

GF11271462

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF78531666

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 2.30mm, inside diameter 2.07mm, wall thickness 0.115mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF05699975

Iron, wire reel, 250m, diameter 0.065mm, hard, 99.5%

GF02011509

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 5.35mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%

GF64909660

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 20.0mm, inside diameter 16mm, wall thickness 2.0mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF70344097

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.2mm, inside diameter 2.2mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%

GF38053953

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%

GF31513418

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.65mm, inside diameter 0.89mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.8+%

GF91018874

Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF44027063

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

GF47871636

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 2.38mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.39mm, as drawn, 99.8+%

GF13708122

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 20.0mm, inside diameter 16mm, wall thickness 2.0mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF66564984

Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

GF80952554

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 4.0mm, inside diameter 3.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF61886571

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 3.2mm, inside diameter 2.2mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%

GF58434060

Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.85%