固態合成

[跳轉至內容](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#main-content) [![Merck](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/static/logos/purple/merck.svg)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh) 產品購物車0 TWZH 產品產品應用服務資源支援 [登入 / 註冊](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/oidc-sign-in) [訂單查詢](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/order-lookup) [快速下訂](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/quick-order) 購物車0 [首頁](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh)[應用](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/applications)[材料科學與工程](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/applications/materials-science-and-engineering)固態合成 # 固態合成 ![採用固態方法製備出具有 ABX3 晶體結構的無機過晶體，以獲得其吸引人的特性。](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/applications/materials-science-and-engineering-/abx3-crystal-structure.jpg "採用固態方法製備出具有 ABX3 晶體結構的無機過晶體，以獲得其吸引人的特性。") 固態合成，或稱陶瓷法，通常用來從固態起始材料引起化學反應，形成具有明確結構的新固體。最終產品包括多晶材料、單晶、玻璃和薄膜材料，廣泛應用於能源和電子領域。細粒[金屬](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/high-purity-metals-and-alloys)化合物結合、造粒，並在特定時間內於受控溫度下加熱。某些金屬化合物，例如 [金屬氧化物](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/oxides-and-ceramics)或[鹽類](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/high-purity-salts)，需要極端的條件，例如高溫高壓，才能在熔融通量或快速冷凝的氣相中啟動反應。此過程常被稱為"搖動與烘烤"或"加熱與拍打"化學。 * * * ## 相關產品 Slide 1 of 18 1 of 5 [![氯化金 (III) 三水合物 ≥99.9% trace metals basis](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/161/175/2d4456a4-ed3b-4c65-839c-c340c05b976f/640/2d4456a4-ed3b-4c65-839c-c340c05b976f.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 520918 \ 氯化金 (III) 三水合物](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/product/aldrich/520918) 快速查看 [![碘化铅(II) AnhydroBeads™, −10 mesh, 99.999% trace metals 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[![用於生產輕量、高性能半導體及高溫熱絕緣和電絕緣應用的高純度氧化物和陶瓷。](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/categories/energy-materials/oxides-and-ceramics.jpg "氧化物與陶瓷")](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/oxides-and-ceramics) [氧化物與陶瓷](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/oxides-and-ceramics) 我們提供廣泛的高純度氧化物和陶瓷，具有專業的合成和純化技術，以及不同的粒度。 [選購產品](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/oxides-and-ceramics) [![抽象背景中漂浮的球形金奈米粒子的電腦插圖。](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/categories/electronic-materials/gold-nanoparticle.jpg "無機與金屬奈米材料")](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/electronic-materials/inorganic-and-metallic-nanomaterials) [無機與金屬奈米材料](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/electronic-materials/inorganic-and-metallic-nanomaterials) 我們提供全面的無機和金屬奈米材料、功能化奈米粒子和奈米材料試劑盒組合，滿足您的研究需求。 [選購產品](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/electronic-materials/inorganic-and-metallic-nanomaterials) * * * 概述相關文章與協議支援固態合成中的反應速率對於表徵特別重要。固態反應必須進行到底，因為純化已形成固體的技術非常有限。固態反應的速率取決於反應條件，包括反應物的結構特性、形狀和表面面積、擴散速率，以及與成核/反應相關的熱力學特性。最終材料的化學和物理特性取決於化學 [precursors](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/solution-and-vapor-deposition-precursors) and preparation techniques. 現代的固態製備技術並不局限於陶瓷法的變化。在固態偏析中，金屬化合物的反應由能源（例如、 [溶膠-凝膠](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/products/materials-science/energy-materials/solution-and-vapor-deposition-precursors) 方法利用濃縮或膠體溶液 ("溶膠")，依序進行加熱、乾燥和老化，以形成凝膠、塗層和奈米材料。溶熱法是在加壓的密閉容器中加熱溶液，加熱溫度高於所選有機溶劑的標準沸點；如果溶劑是水，則稱為水熱法。許多形成固態材料的合成方法，例如氣相沉積、插層、單晶生長和奈米材料合成，都可歸類為固態合成。 [![文件搜尋](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/ecommerce/document-search.png "文件搜尋")](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) 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three types of magnetic behaviors are paramagnetism where unpaired electrons are random, ferromagnetism where unpaired electrons align, and antiferromagnetism where unpaired electrons align opposite of one another. - [Advanced Materials for Magnetic Cooling](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/solid-state-synthesis/advanced-materials) Today, near-room-temperature refrigeration is almost entirely based on a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. - [PCTPro-2000: Gas Sorption Analysis Tool](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/solid-state-synthesis/the-pctpro-2000-the-ultimate-tool-for-gas-sorption-analysis) Gas sorption analysis aids in materials science and consumer product development. - [查看全部 (33)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/zh/search/facet-search?focus=sitecontent&term=facet-search) ### 尋找更多文章和協議輸入關鍵字搜尋 ## How Can We Help 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Compounds](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/solid-state-synthesis/solubility-rules-solubility-of-common-ionic-compounds) Review solubility rules for common ionic compounds in water, including calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, and sodium sulfate, using the provided chart. [Using Activated Carbon as a Precious Metal Catalyst Carrier](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/solid-state-synthesis/activated-carbon) Learn how activated carbon is working as a catalyst support and its advantage. [Magnetic Properties of Materials](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TW/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/solid-state-synthesis/properties) The three types of magnetic behaviors are paramagnetism where unpaired electrons are random, ferromagnetism where unpaired electrons align, and antiferromagnetism where unpaired electrons align opposite of one another. 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