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Hypoxia-inducible factors link iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.

Hypoxia-inducible factors link iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.

Gastroenterology (2014-01-07)

Yatrik M Shah, Liwei Xie

ABSTRACT

Iron is required for efficient oxygen transport, and hypoxia signaling links erythropoiesis with iron homeostasis. Hypoxia induces a highly conserved signaling pathway in cells under conditions of low levels of O2. One component of this pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), is a transcription factor that is highly active in hypoxic cells. The first HIF target gene characterized was EPO, which encodes erythropoietin-a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis. In the past decade, there have been fundamental advances in our understanding of how hypoxia regulates iron levels to support erythropoiesis and maintain systemic iron homeostasis. We review the cell type-specific effects of hypoxia and HIFs in adaptive response to changes in oxygen and iron availability as well as potential uses of HIF modulators for patients with iron-related disorders.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

Iron, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.001mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 500mm, diameter 50mm, as drawn, armcO« soft ingot 99.8%

Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 200mm, diameter 19.0mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.20mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.20mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 30mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.85%

Iron, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 7mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.15mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.38mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 200mm, diameter 9.5mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.15mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 25.0mm, inside diameter 21mm, wall thickness 2mm, annealed, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 20.0mm, inside diameter 16mm, wall thickness 2.0mm, annealed, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.85%

Iron, rod, 500mm, diameter 25mm, as drawn, 98+%