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The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The Lancet. Neurology (2014-09-19)

Roberta J Ward, Fabio A Zucca, Jeff H Duyn, Robert R Crichton, Luigi Zecca

ABSTRACT

In the CNS, iron in several proteins is involved in many important processes such as oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production, and the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Abnormal iron homoeostasis can induce cellular damage through hydroxyl radical production, which can cause the oxidation and modification of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. During ageing, different iron complexes accumulate in brain regions associated with motor and cognitive impairment. In various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, changes in iron homoeostasis result in altered cellular iron distribution and accumulation. MRI can often identify these changes, thus providing a potential diagnostic biomarker of neurodegenerative diseases. An important avenue to reduce iron accumulation is the use of iron chelators that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, penetrate cells, and reduce excessive iron accumulation, thereby affording neuroprotection.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

Iron, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.002mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, rod, 500mm, diameter 6.35mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, rod, 200mm, diameter 30mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, wire reel, 250m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.065mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.020mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 100mm, as drawn, armcO« soft ingot 99.8%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.85%

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 10mm, wall thickness 1.0mm, annealed, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.15mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 1000mm, diameter 25mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.85%