The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The Lancet. Neurology (2014-09-19)

Roberta J Ward, Fabio A Zucca, Jeff H Duyn, Robert R Crichton, Luigi Zecca

ABSTRACT

In the CNS, iron in several proteins is involved in many important processes such as oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production, and the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Abnormal iron homoeostasis can induce cellular damage through hydroxyl radical production, which can cause the oxidation and modification of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. During ageing, different iron complexes accumulate in brain regions associated with motor and cognitive impairment. In various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, changes in iron homoeostasis result in altered cellular iron distribution and accumulation. MRI can often identify these changes, thus providing a potential diagnostic biomarker of neurodegenerative diseases. An important avenue to reduce iron accumulation is the use of iron chelators that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, penetrate cells, and reduce excessive iron accumulation, thereby affording neuroprotection.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

IRMM524B

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

209309

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%

44890

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

356808

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

267945

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

GF66169020

Iron, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.001mm, 99.85%

GF15174255

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 10.6mm, inside diameter 10.0mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.8+%

GF96915134

Iron, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF33764979

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 9.5mm, wall thickness 1.6mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF48235013

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF16616897

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF67418062

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 9mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF30280520

Iron, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%

GF89451737

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 25.0mm, inside diameter 21mm, wall thickness 2mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF35765826

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF58945078

Iron, wire reel, 250m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

GF95735571

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 8.0mm, inside diameter 5mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF30003073

Iron, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+%

GF82602176

Iron, wire reel, 0.05m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.998%

GF04889751

Iron, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.998%

GF45140925

Iron, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF03605802

Iron, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.5mm, coil width 49mm, armco« soft ingot 99.8+%

GF05071081

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.20mm, hard, 99.5%

GF88344108

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 10mm, wall thickness 1.0mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF55566816

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF35663935

Iron, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF15436469

Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

GF05179709

Iron, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.998%

GF37941240

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.30mm, inside diameter 2.07mm, wall thickness 0.115mm, as drawn, 99.5%

746843

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, nanopowder, 35-45 nm particle size, 99.5% trace metals basis