PmMGST3, a novel microsomal glutathione S-transferase gene in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, is a potential biomarker of oxidative stress.

PmMGST3, a novel microsomal glutathione S-transferase gene in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, is a potential biomarker of oxidative stress.

Gene (2014-05-27)

Ruoyu Guo, Vinitha Ebenezer, Jang-Seu Ki

ABSTRACT

In this study, we evaluated a novel microsomal glutathione S-transferase3 (MGST3) gene from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, and examined its expression pattern in response to copper-and nickel-induced stresses. The full length of PmMGST3 was 732 bp, ranging from the dinoflagellate splice leader (DinoSL) sequence to the poly (A) tail, covering a 441-bp ORF, 97-bp 5'UTR, and 194-bp 3'UTR. The PmMGST3 was up-regulated by metals, including copper and nickel. The highest up-regulation levels of the PmMGST3 were found under 0.1 mg/L copper and 0.5 mg/L nickel treatment, respectively. In addition, the PmMGST3 was gradually up-regulated by 0.1 mg/L copper with increasing exposure time. Furthermore, ROS production and reduced GSH was measured in the copper treated cells. A significant increased ROS production and reduced GSH were found in the copper treated cells. These results suggest that PmMGST3 may be related to defense mechanisms associated with oxidative stress in dinoflagellates.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

577995

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, nanopowder, <100 nm avg. part. size, ≥99% trace metals basis

267074

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, rod, diam. 6.35 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

357553

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

357626

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, wire, diam. 0.5 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

326410

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 0.64 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis

349151

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

349208

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

357588

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

326429

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

349224

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 2.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

266744

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

D218200

Sigma-Aldrich

5,5′-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), ReagentPlus^®, 99%

326488

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, beads, 2-8 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

12816

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, ≥99.8% (complexometric)

266981

Sigma-Aldrich

Nickel, powder, <50 μm, 99.7% trace metals basis

254177

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, beads, 2-8 mm, 99.9995% trace metals basis

207780

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, powder, <75 μm, 99%

D8130

Sigma-Aldrich

5,5′-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), ≥98%, BioReagent, suitable for determination of sulfhydryl groups

349216

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, ≥99.9%

61139

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, turnings, purum p.a., ≥99.0%

BCR058

Continuous cast copper (O), BCR^®, certified reference material, rod

GF64818850

Nickel, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0005mm, temporary acrylic support, 99.95%

GF88937162

Nickel, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.95%

GF94832208

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.24mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF88726168

Nickel, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.95%

GF45284081

Nickel, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.004mm, hard, 99%

GF68100454

Nickel, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.98%

GF91748953

Nickel, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF95071103

Nickel, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.8mm, inside diameter 1.8mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%

GF93488596

Nickel, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, 99.9%