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G1774

Glucagon

≥95% (HPLC), powder, synthetic

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Size/SKUAvailabilityPrice
0.1 mg
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$248.00
1 mg
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$1,220.00

About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C153H225N43O49S
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
3482.75
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
51111800
NACRES:
NA.32
Biological source:
synthetic
Form:
powder
Assay:
≥95% (HPLC)

$248.00


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biological source

synthetic

Quality Segment

sterility

non-sterile

assay

≥95% (HPLC)

form

powder

technique(s)

cell based assay: suitable

solubility

1% acetic acid: 1.00-1.04 mg/mL, clear, colorless, water: 1.00-1.04 mg/mL, clear, colorless

suitability

suitable for molecular biology

UniProt accession no.

shipped in

ambient

storage temp.

−20°C

SMILES string

Cl[H].[H]N[C@@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc2ccccc2)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc3ccc(O)cc3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc4ccc(O)cc4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc5ccccc5)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc6c[nH]c7ccccc67)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)O)C(O)=O

InChI

1S/C153H225N43O49S.ClH/c1-72(2)52-97(133(226)176-96(47-51-246-11)132(225)184-104(60-115(159)209)143(236)196-123(78(10)203)151(244)245)179-137(230)103(58-83-64-167-89-29-19-18-28-87(83)89)183-131(224)95(43-46-114(158)208)177-148(241)120(74(5)6)194-141(234)101(54-79-24-14-12-15-25-79)182-138(231)105(61-117(211)212)185-130(223)94(42-45-113(157)207)171-124(217)75(7)170-127(220)91(31-22-49-165-152(160)161)172-128(221)92(32-23-50-166-153(162)163)174-146(239)110(69-199)191-140(233)107(63-119(215)216)186-134(227)98(53-73(3)4)178-135(228)99(56-81-33-37-85(204)38-34-81)180-129(222)90(30-20-21-48-154)173-145(238)109(68-198)190-136(229)100(57-82-35-39-86(205)40-36-82)181-139(232)106(62-118(213)214)187-147(240)111(70-200)192-150(243)122(77(9)202)195-142(235)102(55-80-26-16-13-17-27-80)188-149(242)121(76(8)201)193-116(210)66-168-126(219)93(41-44-112(156)206)175-144(237)108(67-197)189-125(218)88(155)59-84-65-164-71-169-84;/h12-19,24-29,33-40,64-65,71-78,88,90-111,120-123,167,197-205H,20-23,30-32,41-63,66-70,154-155H2,1-11H3,(H2,156,206)(H2,157,207)(H2,158,208)(H2,159,209)(H,164,169)(H,168,219)(H,170,220)(H,171,217)(H,172,221)(H,173,238)(H,174,239)(H,175,237)(H,176,226)(H,177,241)(H,178,228)(H,179,230)(H,180,222)(H,181,232)(H,182,231)(H,183,224)(H,184,225)(H,185,223)(H,186,227)(H,187,240)(H,188,242)(H,189,218)(H,190,229)(H,191,233)(H,192,243)(H,193,210)(H,194,234)(H,195,235)(H,196,236)(H,211,212)(H,213,214)(H,215,216)(H,244,245)(H4,160,161,165)(H4,162,163,166);1H/t75-,76+,77+,78+,88-,90-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,120-,121-,122-,123-;/m0./s1

InChI key

RKGLLHCSSVJTAN-YYICOITRSA-N

Gene Information

human ... GCG(2641)

General description

Glucagon (GCG) peptide is secreted in response to insulin from pancreatic islets α-cells.
Glucagon is synthesized from proglucagon and is 29-amino acid peptide hormone. Proglucagon gene is mapped to human chromosome 2q24.2.

Application

Glucagon (GCG) has been:
  • used as a component of hormone stock solution for preserving full biological activity of heart tissues obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats
  • used as an infusion in phases II and III fasting king penguins to study the various lipolytic, metabolic, and hormonal responses
  • used for the stimulation of PGC-1α expression in hepatocytes
  • used to induce the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase α1 (MAT1A), which is involved in the regulation of hepatic levels of S-adenosylmethionine and the adaptive response to fasting
  • used to study its effect on stimulation of gluconeogenesis through hepatic lipolysis, mediated by inositol trisphosphate receptor 1 (INSP3R1)
  • intraperitoneally injected in mice to assess glucagon-induced Sam68 subcellular localization in vivo

Biochem/physiol Actions

Glucagon (GCG) produces elevation in contractility and the frequency of contraction in heart muscles. It activates PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and thus, elevates glucose utilization by heart muscles. In multiple mammals, though not humans, this peptide induces lipolysis, and is the major lipolytic hormone in birds. It also induces gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in mammals and birds.
The paired box 6 (PAX6) regulates the expression of glucagon. High levels of glucagon referred to as hyperglucagonemia leads to a high risk of diabetes and is associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Defective glucagon hypersecretion is regarded as an etiopathogenic factor.

Other Notes

H-His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr-OH.xHCl
Lyophilized from 0.1% TFA in H2O

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This Item
1294036G2044Y0000191
description

≥95% (HPLC), powder, synthetic

description

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

description

synthetic, powder, suitable for cell culture

description

European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

biological source

synthetic

biological source

-

biological source

synthetic

biological source

-

assay

≥95% (HPLC)

assay

-

assay

≥95% (HPLC)

assay

-

Quality Level

300

Quality Level

-

Quality Level

200

Quality Level

-

form

powder

form

crystalline

form

powder

form

-

technique(s)

cell based assay: suitable

technique(s)

-

technique(s)

cell culture | mammalian: suitable

technique(s)

-

Gene Information

human ... GCG(2641)

Gene Information

-

Gene Information

-

Gene Information

human ... GCGR(2642)


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Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk

WGK 3

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

ppe

Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)



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